Iatrogenic Brachiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula: Description of a Fatal Complication after Cardiac Pacemaker Lead Extraction

Endovascular management of multiple arteriovenous fistulae following failed laser-assisted pacemaker lead extraction

“…Arteriovenous fistulae involving the innominate, left common carotid, left internal mammary, and subclavian arteries have all been reported with either surgical or endovascular repair. [4][5][6][7][8][9]11 Great vessel arteriovenous fistulae are uncommon and anatomic factors often make surgical exposure in this area difficult. Traditional repair has consisted of ligation of the fistula with interposition bypass grafts.…”

“…3 Another rare, but serious complication of this device is the development of an arteriovenous fistula, which has been reported only in isolated case reports. [4][5][6][7][8][9] We report a case of a woman who developed multiple arteriovenous fistulae after a failed attempt to remove her pacemaker leads using the Excimer laser device.…”

Internal Mammary Arterial Injury from Lead Extraction: A Clinically Subtle yet Important Complication of Implantable Device Removal

“…Arterial injuries from device extraction, such as arteriovenous (AV) fistula and pseudoaneurysm formation, can also occur [6–8]. Some arterial injuries may not lead to obvious symptoms and thus go unrecognized.…”