β-Fructofuranosidase andβ–D-Fructosyltransferase from NewAspergillus carbonariusPC-4 Strain Isolated from Canned Peach Syrup: Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Enzyme Production

Abstract

β-fructofuranosidase (invertase) and β-D-fructosyltransferase (FTase) are enzymes used in industrial processes to hydrolyze sucrose aiming to produce inverted sugar syrup or fructooligosaccharides. In this work, a black Aspergillus sp. PC-4 was selected among six filamentous fungi isolated from canned peach syrup which were initially screened for invertase production. Cultivations with pure carbon sources showed that invertase and FTase were produced from glucose and sucrose, but high levels were also obtained from raffinose and inulin. Pineapple crown was the best complex carbon source for invertase (6.71 U/mL after 3 days of cultivation) and FTase production (14.60 U/mL after 5 days of cultivation). Yeast extract and ammonium chloride nitrogen sources provided higher production of invertase (6.80 U/mL and 6.30 U/mL, respectively), whereas ammonium nitrate and soybean protein were the best nitrogen sources for FTase production (24.00 U/mL and 24.90 U/mL, respectively). Fermentation parameters for invertase using yeast extract were YP/S = 536.85 U/g and PP = 1.49 U/g/h. FTase production showed values of YP/S = 2,627.93 U/g and PP = 4.4 U/h using soybean protein. The screening for best culture conditions showed an increase of invertase production values by 5.10-fold after 96 h cultivation compared to initial experiments (fungi bioprospection), while FTase production increased by 14.60-fold (44.40 U/mL) after 168 h cultivation. A. carbonarius PC-4 is a new promising strain for invertase and FTase production from low cost carbon sources, whose synthesized enzymes are suitable for the production of inverted sugar, fructose syrups, and fructooligosaccharides.

Cunninghamella echinulata PA3S12MM invertase: Biochemical characterization of a promiscuous enzyme

“…Invertase consolidated in the food industry as one of the most important carbohydrase for the sector (Lincoln et al., 2018). It presents numerous applications, such as the production of artificial honey (Nascimento et al., 2019), the synthesis of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) (Aung et al., 2019), and the development of enzymatic electrodes for the detection of sucrose in food and beverage (Park et al., 1991), in the production of invert sugar (Ozcan et al., 2019). It is also one of the most employed enzymes by the confectionery industry (Nadeem et al., 2015).…”

“…The invertase is ubiquitous in plants, considered as a key enzyme in the metabolism of sucrose (Roitsch & González, 2004), and this enzyme is widely distributed among different organisms (Manoochehri et al., 2020). The invertases are also produced by bacteria (Ávila‐Fernández et al., 2016; Pek et al., 2017), yeasts (Bhalla et al., 2017; Jiang et al., 2016), and filamentous fungi such as of the genera Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Paecilomyces (Almeida et al., 2018; Fernandes et al, 2018; Manoochehri et al., 2020; Nascimento et al., 2019; Oliveira et al., 2020). Despite the great knowledge about invertase produced by different microbial species, so far, there are no reports of the production of this enzyme by Cunninghamella echinulata .…”

Optimization of β-Fructofuranosidase Production from Agrowaste by Aspergillus carbonarius and Its Application in the Production of Inverted Sugar

“…The predicted versus observed values revealed a good co-relation between the model and experimental invertase production. The Simplex Lattice Design methodology promoted an increase of 1.42-fold for enzyme production, when compared to the results obtained by Nascimento et al (13). In optimized culture conditions, the production parameters were of 723.4 U/g for production yield and 2 U/h of enzyme productivity.…”

“…Aspergillus carbonarius PC-4 was isolated from canned peach syrup and it is available in the Laboratory of Biotechnology, Food and Products Analysis, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil. The identification of this A. carbonarius PC-4 strain was performed by morphological and molecular techniques (13). The gene sequence of A. carbonarius PC-4 was deposited in the NCBI Genbank database and it is available under the accession number AJ876878.…”

Production of Sucrolytic Enzyme by Bacillus licheniformis by the Bioconversion of Pomelo Albedo as a Carbon Source

“…Due to the lower cost PAP material and the highest sucrolytic enzyme productivity, 2% PAP was chosen as the most suitable concentration for the production of sucrolytic enzymes by B. licheniformis TKU004. From the literature, various substances have been used as suitable carbon sources for producing sucrolytic enzymes, such as sucrose [43], glucose [53], fructose [54], orange peel [55], and pineapple crown [56].…”