<i>Zygomycetes</i>
            Hyphae Trigger an Early, Robust Proinflammatory Response in Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils through Toll-Like Receptor 2 Induction but Display Relative Resistance to Oxidative Damage

Chamilos, George; Lewis, Russell E.; Lamaris, Gregory A.; Walsh, Thomas J.; Kontoyiannis, D. P.

doi:10.1128/aac.01136-07

Cited by 91 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Invasive fungal growth activates pro-inflammatory signaling. Hyphae interact with TLR-2 on the surface of human PMNs inducing transcription of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β [14]. Human monocyte derived dendritic cells recognize β-glucan exclusively expressed on the hyphal surface through the pattern recognition receptor dectin-1 to induce IL-23, IL-1 and TNF-α [15].…”

Section: Innate Immune Responses During Mucormycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The mucormycete–host interface

Ibrahim

Voelz

2017

Current Opinion in Microbiology

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Mucormycosis is a fungal infection with fulminant angioinvasion leading to high morbidity and mortality in susceptible individuals. The major predisposing conditions are uncontrolled diabetes, neutropenia, malignancies, receipt of a transplant and traumatic injury [1]. Over the past decade, mucormycosis has become an emerging fungal infection due to the increase in patient groups presenting with these pre-disposing conditions and our medical advances in diagnosing the infection [2-4]. Yet, we currently lack clinical interventions to treat mucormycosis effectively. This in turn is due to a lack of understanding of mucormycosis pathogenesis. Here, we discuss our current understanding of selected aspects of interactions at the mucormycete-host interface. We will highlight open questions that might guide future research directions for investigations into the pathogenesis of mucormycosis and potential innovative therapeutic approaches.

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Section: Innate Immune Responses During Mucormycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The mucormycete–host interface

Ibrahim

Voelz

2017

Current Opinion in Microbiology

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“…Although inactive spores do not induce neutrophil migration, active spores and hyphae present a potent chemotactic signal (Waldorf and Diamond 1985). After encountering R. oryzae hyphae, human polymorphonuclear neutrophils activate the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 and NF-kB pathwayrelated genes (Chamilos et al 2008b). Additionally, Dectin-1-dependent activation of interleukin 23 production by human dendritic cells induces proinflammatory Th17 responses (Chamilos et al 2010).…”

Section: Host Factors In Mucormycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Fungal Pathogens of Mucorales and Entomophthorales

Mendoza

Vilela

Voelz

et al. 2014

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

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In recent years, we have seen an increase in the number of immunocompromised cohorts as a result of infections and/or medical conditions, which has resulted in an increased incidence of fungal infections. Although rare, the incidence of infections caused by fungi belonging to basal fungal lineages is also continuously increasing. Basal fungal lineages diverged at an early point during the evolution of the fungal lineage, in which, in a simplified four-phylum fungal kingdom, Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota belong to the basal fungi, distinguishing them from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Currently there are no known human infections caused by fungi in Chytridiomycota; only Zygomycotan fungi are known to infect humans. Hence, infections caused by zygomycetes have been called zygomycosis, and the term "zygomycosis" is often used as a synonym for "mucormycosis." In the four-phylum fungal kingdom system, Zygomycota is classified mainly based on morphology, including the ability to form coenocytic (aseptated) hyphae and zygospores (sexual spores). In the Zygomycota, there are 10 known orders, two of which, the Mucorales and Entomophthorales, contain species that can infect humans, and the infection has historically been known as zygomyEditors:

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“…A recent report with A. fumigatus and Rhyzopus oryzae hyphae has shown that this process is probably regulated by pathogen recognition systems. Human PMNs produced equivalent amounts of superoxide anion in response to both, but released larger quantities of ROS when challenged with A. fumigatus [48].…”

Section: Non-phagocytic Killingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal killing by mammalian phagocytic cells

Nicola

Casadevall

Goldman

2008

Current Opinion in Microbiology

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SummaryPhagocytes are considered the most important effector cells in the immune response against fungal infections. To exert their role, they must recognize the invading fungi, internalize and kill them within the phagosome. Major advances in the field have elucidated the roles of pattern-recognition receptors in the innate immunity sensing and the importance of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in intracellular killing of fungi. Surprising exit mechanisms for intracellular pathogens and extracellular traps have also been discovered. These and several other recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the mechanisms used by phagocytes to kill fungal pathogens are reviewed in this work.

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Zygomycetes Hyphae Trigger an Early, Robust Proinflammatory Response in Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils through Toll-Like Receptor 2 Induction but Display Relative Resistance to Oxidative Damage

Cited by 91 publications

References 14 publications

The mucormycete–host interface

The mucormycete–host interface

Human Fungal Pathogens of Mucorales and Entomophthorales

Fungal killing by mammalian phagocytic cells

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