<i>Zostera marina</i> population genetics in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, and implications for grass bed restoration

Campanella, James J.; Bologna, Paul A.X.; Smith, Stephanie M.; Rosenzweig, Eric B.; Smalley, John V.

doi:10.1007/s10144-009-0170-4

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The large-scale decline of Z. marina populations in the 1930s, which was attributed to disease (Orth & Moore 1984), would be expected to have created a population bottleneck, with subsequent high levels of inbreeding and reduced genetic diversity in remnant populations in the Chesapeake Bay and Chincoteague Bay. While a recently published study found that Z. marina populations from both New Jersey and 1 site in the Chesapeake Bay showed significant signs of inbreeding (F is > 0.6; Campanella et al 2009) (Table 4), our data from Chesapeake and Chincoteague Z. marina meadows do not, despite finding similar levels of allelic diversity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Eelgrass restoration by seed maintains genetic diversity: case study from a coastal bay system

Reynolds

Waycott²,

McGlathery³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Genetic diversity is positively associated with plant fitness, stability, and the provision of ecosystem services. Preserving genetic diversity is therefore considered an important component of ecosystem restoration as well as a measure of its success. We examined the genetic diversity of restored Zostera marina meadows in a coastal bay system along the USA mid-Atlantic coast using microsatellite markers to compare donor and recipient meadows. We show that donor meadows in Chesapeake Bay have high genetic diversity and that this diversity is maintained in meadows restored with seeds in the Virginia coastal bays. No evidence of inbreeding depression was detected (F IS −0.2 to 0) in either donor or recipient meadows, which is surprising because high levels of inbreeding were expected following the population contractions that occurred in Chesapeake Bay populations due to disease and heat stress. Additionally, there was no evidence for selection of genotypes at the restoration sites, suggesting that as long as donor sites are chosen carefully, issues that diminish fitness and survival such as heterosis or out-breeding depression can be avoided. A cluster analysis showed that, in addition to the Chesapeake Bay populations that acted as donors, the Virginia coastal bay populations shared a genetic signal with Chincoteague Bay populations, their closest neighbor to the north, suggesting that natural recruitment into the area may be occurring and augmenting restored populations. We hypothesize that the high genetic diversity in seagrasses restored using seeds rather than adult plants confers a greater level of ecosystem resilience to the restored meadows.KEY WORDS: Seagrass · Zostera marina · Restoration · Genetic diversity · Microsatellite DNA Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Contribution to the Theme Section 'Eelgrass recovery'OPEN PEN ACCESS CCESS

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Eelgrass restoration by seed maintains genetic diversity: case study from a coastal bay system

Reynolds

Waycott²,

McGlathery³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Species level allelic richness in the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries was on par with what has been found in other SAV species from throughout the world, which ranges from 2 to 18 alleles per locus (Reusch et al 1999b(Reusch et al , 2000Rhode and Duffy 2004;Pollux et al 2007;van Dijk et al 2009;Campanella et al 2010). Our site-level allele richness was also mostly within the typical ranges of values found in these same studies of other SAV species (2.3-10.5 alleles per locus).…”

Section: Genetic Diversitysupporting

confidence: 78%

“…clone that covers an area of roughly 43 ha (Mitton and Grant 1996), and several submersed aquatic species that are known to have clones that extend [5 km (Reusch et al 1999a;Ruggiero et al 2002). Most studies of other SAV species indicate that clones are primarily limited to within individual sites (Titus and Hoover 1991;Campanella et al 2010) Vegetative expansion of V. americana through rhizomes is generally limited to within a few meters of the parent plant (Titus and Hoover 1991). Maximum seasonal lateral growth of V. americana from the upper Potomac River genotypes is 60 cm under greenhouse conditions (Engelhardt, unpublished data).…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 97%

The structure of population genetic diversity in Vallisneria americana in the Chesapeake Bay: implications for restoration

et al. 2011

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Submersed aquatic macrophyte beds provide important ecosystem services, yet their distribution and extent has declined worldwide in aquatic ecosystems. Effective restoration of these habitats will require, among other factors, reintroduction of genetically diverse source material that can withstand short-and long-term environmental fluctuations in environmental conditions. We examined patterns of genetic diversity in Vallisneria americana because it is a cosmopolitan freshwater submersed aquatic macrophyte and is commonly used for restoring freshwater habitats. We sampled 26 naturally occurring populations of V. americana in the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its tributaries and found that the majority of populations have high genotypic diversity and are not highly inbred. Fourteen of the populations had high allelic and genotypic diversity and could serve as source sites for restoration material. However, substantial geographic structuring of genetic diversity suggests that caution should be used in moving propagules to locations distant from their source. In particular, we suggest that propagules at least be limited within four primary geographic areas that correspond to freshwater tidal and non-tidal, oligohaline, and seasonally mesohaline areas of the Chesapeake Bay.

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“…Alternatively, the source of the seeds could be from a low-diversity population in between those included in our study that we did not sample, since over the 450 km of coastline to the north of the natural recruitment, we only sampled four populations (Chincoteague, Woods Hole, Peconic, and Western Great South Bay). Many seagrass populations along this coast are declining (Waycott et al 2009), and some of those are showing signs of genetic erosion (Campanella et al 2009). Migration from one of these meadows also could result in the conditions observed in Southern South Bay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration recovers population structure and landscape genetic connectivity in a dispersal‐limited ecosystem

2013

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Summary1. Ecological restoration assists the recovery of degraded ecosystems; however, restoration can have deleterious effects such as outbreeding depression when source material is not chosen carefully and has non-local adaptations. 2. We surveyed 23 eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) populations along the North American Atlantic coast to evaluate genetic structure and connectivity among restored and naturally recruited populations. 3. While populations along the North America Atlantic coast were genetically distinctive, significant migration was detected among populations. All estimates of connectivity (F ST , migration rate base on rare alleles, and Bayesian modelling) showed a general north to south pattern of migration, corresponding to the typical long-shore currents in this region. 4. Individual naturally recruited meadows in the Virginia coastal bays appear to be the result of dispersal from different meadows north of the region. This supports the hypothesis that recruitment into this region is typically a slow, episodic process rather than a permanent, continuous connection between the populations. 5. While natural recovery of populations that were catastrophically lost in the 1930s has been slow, large-scale seed-based restoration has been very successful at quickly restoring landscape-scale areal coverage (over 1600 ha in just 10 years). Our results show that restoration was also successful at restoring meadows with high genetic diversity. Naturally recruited meadows were less diverse and exhibited signs of genetic drift. 6. Synthesis. Our analyses demonstrate that metapopulation dynamics are important to the natural recovery of seagrass ecosystems that have experienced catastrophic loss over large spatial scales; however, natural recovery processes are slow and inefficient at recovering genetic diversity and population structure when recruitment barriers exist, such as a limited seed source. Seed-based restoration provides a greater abundance of propagules, rapidly facilitates the recovery of populations with higher genetic diversity, and when seed sources are chosen carefully protects regional genetic structure. Firstorder estimates indicated that the genetic diversity achieved by active restoration in 10 years would have otherwise taken between 125 and 185 years to achieve through natural recruitment events.

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Zostera marina population genetics in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, and implications for grass bed restoration

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Eelgrass restoration by seed maintains genetic diversity: case study from a coastal bay system

Eelgrass restoration by seed maintains genetic diversity: case study from a coastal bay system

The structure of population genetic diversity in Vallisneria americana in the Chesapeake Bay: implications for restoration

Restoration recovers population structure and landscape genetic connectivity in a dispersal‐limited ecosystem

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