Zingiber vuquangensis and Z. castaneum : Two Newly Discovered Species from Vietnam and Their Essential Oil Constituents

Bich

et al. 2019

Preprint

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In this paper, we report the chemical constituents, larvicidal and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from Zingiber castaneum Škorničk. & Q.B. Nguyễn and Zingiber nitens M.F. Newman growing in Vietnam. The main constituents of Z. castaneum leaf were bicyclogermacrene (24.8%), germacrene D (12.9%), cis -β-elemene (11.2%) and β-pinene (10.3%), while the pseudo-stem contained bicyclogermacrene (15.8%), cis -β-elemene (9.8%) and germacrene D (9.2%). The significant compound of the rhizome oil was sabinene (22.9%), along with α-pinene (7.8%), β-pinene (6.5%), bornyl acetate (6.1%) and γ-terpinene (5.5%). However, β-pinene (45.8%), α-pinene (10.7%) and bicyclogermacrene (7.8%) were the dominant compounds in the leaf oil of Z. nitens . Terpinen-4-ol (77.9%) occurred as the compound occurring in higher amount in the rhizome oil. The rhizome oil of Z. castaneum exhibited 100% mortality towards Ae. aegypti (concentration, 200 µg/mL; 24 h and 48 h) and Ae. albopictus (concentration, 100 µg/mL; 24 h and 48 h). However, mortality of 81.3% was observed against Cx. quinquefasciatus at 48 h (concentration 100 µg/mL). The leaf also exhibited 100% mortality against Ae. aegypti (concentration, 100 µg/mL; 24 h and 48 h) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (concentration, 150 µg/mL; 24 h and 48 h). The rhizome oil displayed a minimum lethal concentration LC 50 of 121.43 µg/mL and 110.31 µg/mL against Ae. aegypti respectively at 24 h and 48 h while values of 49.85 µg/mL and 43.93 µg/mL at 24 h and 48 h were observed against Ae. albopictus respectively. In addition, LC 50 values of 88.86 µg/mL and 48.08 µg/mL were recorded respectively against Cx. quinquefasciatus . Also, the leaf oil displayed significant larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti with LC 50 of 39.30 µg/mL (24 h) and 31.78 µg/mL (48 h) while LC 50 values of 84.97 µg/mL (24 h) and 47.40 µg/mL (48 h) were recorded respectively against Cx. quinquefasciatus . The leaf oil of Z. nitens exhibited 100% mortality against Ae. aegypti at 24 h and 48 h period (concentration 50 µg/mL) while the rhizome oil displayed maximum mortality at concentration of 100 µg/mL. The rhizome oil attained only mortality of 93% against Cx. quinquefasciatus at test period. No significant mortality was recorded against Cx. quinquefasciatus by the leaf oil. The LC 50 values of 17.58 µg/mL (24 h) and 15.12 µg/mL (48 h) were displayed by the leaf oil against Ae. aegypti while values of 29.60 µg/mL (24 h) and 26.21 (48 h) were exhibited by the rhizome oil. Only the rhizome oil was toxic against Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC 50 of of 64.18 µg/mL (24 h) and 59.06 µg/mL (48 h). The pseudo-stem oil of Z. castaneum inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 25923) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 µg/mL, while all other tested samples recorded MIC of 50 µg/mL. However, only the pseudo-stem oil of Z. castaneum displayed antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger (ATCC 9763) and Fusarium oxysporum (ATCC 48112) with MIC of 50 µg/mL.

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Essential Oilscontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…Pharmacopoeia [30] as described previously [2,[4][5][6][7][8]. The distillation time was 3 h and conducted at normal pressure.…”

Section: Hydrodistillation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the chemical compositions, larvicidal and antimicrobial efficacies of Zingiber castaneum and Zingiber nitens essential oils

Bich

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Essential Oils of Zingiber Species from Vietnam: Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities

Chung

et al. 2020

Plants

Mosquito-borne diseases are a large problem in Vietnam as elsewhere. Due to environmental concerns regarding the use of synthetic insecticides as well as developing insecticidal resistance, there is a need for environmentally-benign alternative mosquito control agents. In addition, resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics is an increasing problem. As part of a program to identify essential oils as alternative larvicidal and antimicrobial agents, the leaf, stem, and rhizome essential oils of several Zingiber species, obtained from wild-growing specimens in northern Vietnam, were acquired by hydrodistillation and investigated using gas chromatography. The mosquito larvicidal activities of the essential oils were assessed against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus, and Ae. aegypti, and for antibacterial activity against a selection of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and for activity against Candida albicans. Zingiber essential oils rich in α-pinene and β-pinene showed the best larvicidal activity. Zingiber nudicarpum rhizome essential oil showed excellent antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 2, 8, and 1 μg/mL, respectively. However, the major components, α-pinene and β-pinene, cannot explain the antibacterial activities obtained.

Mosquito Larvicidal Activity of the Essential Oil of Zingiber collinsii against Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus

et al. 2020

J. Oleo Sci.

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the medical importance of Ae. albopictus is due to its ability to transmit many human pathogens and parasites e.g. yellow fever, dengue fever, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, chikungunya viruses, filarial nematodes. The control of adult mosquitoes commonly relies on the use of synthetic insecticides and repellents, but treatments with such chemicals are expensive, show scarce efficacy and have a strong environmental impact associated to relevant human health risks 6, 7. For these reasons, alternative natural insecticides and repellents are now very appreciated by consumers. Essential oils of aromatic plants are con-Abstract: The chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oils from the leaves and rhizomes of Zingiber collinsii Mood & Theilade (Zingiberaceae) were reported. The main compounds in the leaf oil were α-pinene (25.6%), β-caryophyllene (16.8%), β-pinene (16.1%) and bicyclogermacrene (6.9%) while the rhizome oil consist mainly of camphene (22.5%), β-pinene (16.3%), α-pinene (9.0%) and humulene oxide II (9.0%). The rhizome oil demonstrated larvicidal effects towards fourth instant larvae of mosquito vectors. The highest mortality (100%) was observed at 24 h exposure against Aedes albopictus (concentration 100 μg/mL) and 48 h (concentration of 50 and 100 μg/mL), while the highest mortality (100%) was observed for Culex quinquefasciatus at 24 h and 48 h at concentration of 100 μg/mL. The 24 h mosquito larvicidal activity of the rhizome oil against Ae. albopictus were LC 50 = 25.51 μg/mL; LC 90 = 40.22 μg/mL and towards Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC 50 = 50.11 μg/mL and LC 90 = 71.53 μg/mL). However, the 48 h larvicidal activity were LC 50 = 20.03 μg/mL and LC 90 = 24.51 μg/mL (Ae. albopictus), as well as LC 50 = 36.18 μg/mL and LC 90 = 55.11 μg/mL (Cx. quinquefasciatus). On the other hand, no appreciable mortality and larvicidal activity was observed for the leaf oil. The larvicidal activity of the essential oils of Z. collinsii was being reported for the first time.