Zataria multiflora essential oil reduces replication rate of avian influenza virus (H9N2 subtype) in challenged broiler chicks

Abstract

1. The effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil on replication rate of the H9N2 virus in target organs was determined by real-time PCR. One-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups and were challenged with H9N2 influenza. Two groups received either 20 or 40 µl/kg body weight/day Zataria multiflora essential oils (ZM) seven days before the challenge while two other groups received the essential oil at the same dosage but after H9N2 challenge. One group received 4 mg/kg body weight/day of the anti-viral compound amantadine after challenge and the last group received no treatment and served as the control. 2. Groups that received the ZM, before or after H9N2 challenge, and the amantadine treated group showed reduced viral replication in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts compared to the control. Supplementation with ZM improved weight gain and FCR in broilers in comparison with the control. 3. The results showed that ZM had a positive effect on reducing viral replication in both the intestine and trachea of H9N2 influenza infected broiler chickens, that led to milder clinical symptoms and better performance.

Investigation of Brassica juncea, Forsythia suspensa, and Inula britannica: phytochemical properties, antiviral effects, and safety

“…Several studies have reported the use of medicinal herbs in various forms including solvent extracts [44, 49, 50], essential oils [51], and powders [52]. Ghoke et al [49] reported that hydro-methanol leaf plant extracts decreased HA titers and virus genome copy numbers.…”

Theoretical Molecular Docking Study of the Structural Disruption of the Viral 3CL-Protease of COVID19 Induced by Binding of Capsaicin, Piperine and Curcumin Part 1: A Comparative Study with Chloroquine and Hydrochloroquine Two Antimalaric Drugs

“…Based on a literature survey, we tested eighteen phytochemical compounds with reported antiviral properties including, Allicin (Xie et al,2020), Bornyl acetate , Capsaicin (Tang et al, 2020), Carvacrol (Bansal et al, 2020), Catechol (Mishra et al, 2020), Cinnamic acid (Silva et al, 2020), Curcumin (Bonfim et al, 2020), Eucalyptol (Patra et al, 2020), Gallic acid (Arsianti et al, 2020), Geraniol (Wei et al, 2020), Linalool (Del Bosco et al, 2020, Nicotinic acid (Corona et al, 2020), Phytic acid (Narayanaswamy and Esa 2018), Piperine (Chandani et al, 2019), Quercetin (Nile et al, 2020;Lopes et al, 2020;Aggarwa et al, 2020), Resorcinol (Lee et al, 2019), Terpinen-4-ol (Patra et al, 2020) and Viridiflorene (Shayeganmehr et al, 2018). Additionally, we have used as molecular docking controls, two FDA-approved old antimalarial drug, Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine (an analogue of chloroquine) recommended for treating COVID-19 patients (Gautret et al, 2020).…”

Different Variations of Using Essential Oils in Several Animal Species: Treatment and Supplementation

“…Groups that received oils before or after H9N2 challenge and amantadine-treated group showed reduced viral replication in the airways and gastrointestinal tract as compared to the control. The results showed that oil supplementation had a positive effect on reducing viral replication both in the gut and trachea of broiler chickens infected with H9N2 influenza, resulting in milder clinical symptoms and better results [Shayeganmehr et al 2018].…”