<i>Xmsx-1</i> modifies mesodermal tissue pattern along dorsoventral axis in <i>Xenopus laevis</i> embryo

Maeda, Ryo; Kobayashi, Atsuki; Sekine, Ryo; Lin, Jih-Jing; Kung, Hsiang‐Fu; Maéno, Mitsugu

doi:10.1242/dev.124.13.2553

Cited by 72 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…1, during gastrula and early neurula stages, the Xmsx-2B transcript was observed in the ventral and lateral marginal zones and animal pole area (Fig. 1 B, D and F), as was also found in the case of Xmsx-1 (Maeda et al, 1997;Suzuki et al, 1997; Fig. 1A, C and E).…”

Section: Expression Pattern Of Xmsx-2b In the Early Embryosupporting

confidence: 70%

“…It has been shown that the expression of Xmsx-1 is regulated by the BMP-4 signal (Maeda et al, 1997;Suzuki et al, 1997). Taken together with these expression patterns of Xmsx-2B in the early embryo (Fig.…”

Section: Xmsx-2b Mediates Bmp-4 Signalingsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…1) (Gawantka et al, 1995;Ault et al, 1996), Xvent-2 (Xbr-1, Vox, Xom) (Onichtchouk et al, 1996;Papalopulu and Kintner 1996;Ladher et al, 1996) and Xvex-1 (Shapira et al, 1999). We and other investigators have revealed that Xmsx-1 is expressed in the prospective ventral ectoderm and mesoderm at mid to late gastrula stages and that it has a ventralizing activity if its RNA is injected into the prospective dorsal region (Maeda et al, 1997;Suzuki et al, 1997). In ectodermal cells, Xmsx-1 functions as an inhibitor of neurogenesis, and it has been shown that Xmsx-1 is a direct target gene of the BMP-4 signal (Suzuki et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…It has been shown in previous studies that Xmsx-1 has ventralizing and anti-neuralizing activities in early embryogenesis (Maeda et al, 1997;Suzuki et al, 1997;Ishimura et al, 2000;Takeda et al, 2000). To examine whether Xmsx-2B Two dorsal blastomeres of 4-cell stage embryos were injected with designated amounts of RNAs, and the embryos were allowed to develop until stage 33/34 to determine the DAI (dorso-anterior index; Kao and Elinson, 1988).…”

Section: Xmsx-2b Has a Ventralizing Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have indicated that BMP-4 (bone morphogenetic protein-4), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, is a key regulator in body planning, especially in dorsoventral patterning of mesodermal tissues and in neural tissue differentiation, in the Xenopus laevis embryo (Dale et al, 1992;Jones et al, 1992;Fainsod et al, 1994;Graff et al, 1994;Maéno et al, 1994;Suzuki et al, 1994;Schmidt et al, 1995). Recently, homeodomain-containing transcriptional factors that mediate the BMP-4 signal have been isolated and analyzed: Xmsx-1 (Maeda et al, 1997;Suzuki et al, 1997), Xvent-1 (PV. 1) (Gawantka et al, 1995;Ault et al, 1996), Xvent-2 (Xbr-1, Vox, Xom) (Onichtchouk et al, 1996;Papalopulu and Kintner 1996;Ladher et al, 1996) and Xvex-1 (Shapira et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression and Function ofXmsx-2Bin Dorso-Ventral Axis Formation in Gastrula Embryos

2000

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Msx is a homeodomain-containing transcriptional factor that plays an essential role in pattern formation in vertebrata and invertebrata embryos. In Xenopus laevis, two msx genes have been identified (Xmsx-1 and Xmsx-2). In the present study, we attempted to elucidate the expression and function of Xmsx-2B (formerly designated as Xhox7.1') in early embryogenesis. Whole mount in situ hybridization analyses showed that the expression pattern of Xmsx-2B at gastrula and neurula stages was very similar to that of Xmsx-1: the transcript of Xmsx-2B was observed in ventral and lateral sides of the embryo. At the tailbud stage, however, the expression pattern of Xmsx-2B in neural tissues was distinct from that of Xmsx-1. An RNA injection experiment revealed that, like BMP-4, Xmsx-2B has a strong ventralizing activity. In the Xmsx-2B -injected embryos, differentiation of axial structures such as the notochord, muscle, and neural tissue was completely suppressed, whereas alpha-globin mRNA, a blood cell marker, was highly expressed. Simultaneous injection of Xmsx-1 and Xmsx-2B RNAs showed that they function in an additive manner. It was also shown that coinjection of Xmsx-2B with a dominant-negative BMP-4 receptor (tBR), which can induce formation of secondary axis when injected alone in ventral blastomeres, suppressed secondary axis formation. Furthermore, Xmsx-2B also suppressed secondary axis formation, which was induced by a dominant-negative form of Xmsx-1 (VP16/msx-1). Therefore, like Xmsx-1, Xmsx-2B is a downstream nuclear factor of the BMP-4-derived ventralizing signal, and these two factors probably share the same target molecules. In conclusion, Xmsx-1 and Xmsx-2B function in dorso-ventral axis formation in early Xenopus laevis development.

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Section: Expression Pattern Of Xmsx-2b In the Early Embryosupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Xmsx-2b Mediates Bmp-4 Signalingsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Xmsx-2b Has a Ventralizing Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression and Function ofXmsx-2Bin Dorso-Ventral Axis Formation in Gastrula Embryos

2000

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BMP signalling in early Xenopus development

1999

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Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are typically members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) family with diverse roles in embryonic development. At least five genes with homology to BMPs are expressed during Xenopus development, along with their receptors and intracellular signalling pathways. The evidence suggests that BMPs have roles to play in both mesoderm induction and dorsoventral patterning. Studies in Xenopus have also identified a number of inhibitory binding proteins for the classical BMPs, encoded by genes such as chordin and noggin. These proteins appear to be responsible for establishing a morphogen gradient of BMP4 activity, which specifies different dorsoventral fates in early gastrulae. An emerging theme is that inhibition of BMP signalling is an important mechanism regulating cell fate decisions in early development. BioEssays 21:751–760, 1999. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Neptune is involved in posterior axis and tail formation in Xenopus embryogenesis

Takeda

Kurauchi

Yamazaki

et al. 2005

Developmental Dynamics

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In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the posterior axis and tail formation in embryogenesis, the function of Neptune, a zinc-finger transcription factor, in Xenopus laevis embryos was investigated. Injection of neptune mRNA into the animal pole area of embryos resulted in the formation of an additional tail structure that included a neural tube and muscle tissue. This activity required FGF signaling since coinjection of a dominant-negative FGF receptor RNA (XFD) completely blocked the formation of a tail structure. A loss-of-function experiment using a fusion construct of neptune and Drosophila engrailed (en-neptune) RNA showed that endogenous Neptune is necessary for formation of the posterior trunk and tail. Furthermore, activity of Neptune was necessary for the endogenous expression of brachyury and fgf-8 at the late gastrula stage. These findings demonstrate a novel function of Neptune in the process of anterior-posterior axis formation through the FGF and brachyury signaling cascades. An experiment using a combination explant with ventral and dorsal marginal tissues showed that cooperation of these two distinct tissues is important for the tail formation and that expression of Neptune in prospective ventral cells may be involved in the activation of the process of tail formation. Developmental Dynamics 234:63-73, 2005.

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Xmsx-1 modifies mesodermal tissue pattern along dorsoventral axis in Xenopus laevis embryo

Cited by 72 publications

References 56 publications

Expression and Function ofXmsx-2Bin Dorso-Ventral Axis Formation in Gastrula Embryos

Expression and Function ofXmsx-2Bin Dorso-Ventral Axis Formation in Gastrula Embryos

BMP signalling in early Xenopus development

Neptune is involved in posterior axis and tail formation in Xenopus embryogenesis

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