Wnt and frizzled expression during regeneration of internal organs in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix

Girich, Alexander S.; Isaeva, Marina; Dolmatov, Igor Yu.

doi:10.1111/wrr.12591

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…schmeltzii . We found products of 10 out of the 12 wnts typical of holothurians [ 155 ]– wntA , wnt1-7 , wnt10 , wnt16 ( S1 Table ). Transcripts of wnt2 and wnt4 were found only in dividing individuals, whereas wnt1 and wnt7 were revealed both in intact and in dividing holothurians ( Table 3 , S1 Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it is known that the Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in regeneration in various animals [ 156 – 159 ]. Recently, it has been shown that some wnt genes are expressed during restoration of internal organs in holothurians [ 155 , 160 , 161 ]. In this regard, it can be assumed that this signaling pathway, along with the transcription factors (see below), is involved in regulation of fission and/or preparation of holothurian tissues for subsequent regeneration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular mechanisms of fission in echinoderms: Transcriptome analysis

2018

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Echinoderms are capable of asexual reproduction by fission. An individual divides into parts due to changes in the strength of connective tissue of the body wall. The structure of connective tissue and the mechanisms of variations in its strength in echinoderms remain poorly studied. An analysis of transcriptomes of individuals during the process of fission provides a new opportunity to understand the mechanisms of connective tissue mutability. In the holothurian Cladolabes schmeltzii, we have found a rather complex organization of connective tissue. Transcripts of genes encoding a wide range of structural proteins of extracellular matrix, as well as various proteases and their inhibitors, have been discovered. All these molecules may constitute a part of the mechanism of connective tissue mutability. According to our data, the extracellular matrix of echinoderms is substantially distinguished from that of vertebrates by the lack of elastin, fibronectins, and tenascins. In case of fission, a large number of genes of transcription factors and components of different signaling pathways are expressed. Products of these genes are probably involved in regulation of asexual reproduction, connective tissue mutability, and preparation of tissues for subsequent regeneration. It has been shown that holothurian tensilins are a special group of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, which has formed within the class Holothuroidea and is absent from other echinoderms. Our data can serve a basis for the further study of the mechanisms of extracellular matrix mutability, as well as the mechanisms responsible for asexual reproduction in echinoderms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms of fission in echinoderms: Transcriptome analysis

2018

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“…Some Wnt genes (eg., Wnt6 and WntA ) have been identified involved in the intestinal regeneration of sea cucumbers (Sun et al, 2013; Li et al, 2017). Other genes, including Wnt4, Fz1/2/7 , and Fz5/8 , were identified upregulated during 5–10 days after evisceration and might participate in regulation of tissue and organ formation during intestinal regeneration (Girich et al, 2017). However, in this study, Wnt7, Fz7 , and Dvl were the only three genes that identified to be positively selected in the Wnt signaling pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wnt Signaling Pathway Linked to Intestinal Regeneration via Evolutionary Patterns and Gene Expression in the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

et al. 2019

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Many echinoderms are regenerative species that exhibit exceptional regenerative capacity, and sea cucumber is a representative organism that could regenerate the whole intestine after evisceration. There are many signaling pathways participate in the regeneration process, but it is not clear which is essential for the intestinal regeneration. In this study, we performed genome-wide comprehensive analyses on these regeneration-related signaling pathways, and found the Wnt signaling pathway was one of the most conservative pathways among regenerative species. Additionally, among these signaling pathways, we found that the Wnt signaling pathway was the only one under positive selection in regenerative echinoderms, and the only one enriched by differentially expressed genes during the intestinal regeneration. Thus, it suggests both coding sequence and gene expression of the Wnt signaling pathway have been shaped by natural selection to provide the genetic architecture for intestinal regeneration. Wnt7, Fz7 , and Dvl are the three positively selected genes and also happen to be three upstream genes in the Wnt signaling pathway. They are all significantly upregulated at the early stages of regeneration, which may contribute significantly to the early activation of Wnt signaling and the initiation of intestinal regeneration. Expression knockdown of Wnt7 and Dvl by RNA interference significantly inhibit intestinal extension, implying that they are essential for intestinal regeneration. As an important regeneration-related gene, the downstream gene c-Myc is also conserved and highly expressed during the whole regeneration stages, which may make the Wnt/c-Myc signaling to be an important way to promote intestinal regeneration. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the Wnt signaling pathway is the chosen one to play an important role in intestinal regeneration of sea cucumbers, or even in the regeneration of other echinoderms.

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“…Subsequently, after 14 and 20 dpe, changes in the expression of all Wnt and frizzled genes are minimal. It is worth mentioning that the dynamics of frizzled1/2/7 differ between E. fraudatrix and A. japonicus [167,206]. This may be explained by different functions of pathways which activated through the receptor Frizzled1/2/7.…”

Section: Wnt Signaling Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The Wnt signaling pathway is activated in the regeneration of the organs of the anterior part of the body in E. fraudatrix (AB and the anterior part of the gut). Gene transcripts of four ligands (wntA, wnt4, wnt6, and wnt16) and three receptors (frizzled1/2/7, frizzled4, and frizzled5/8) have been identified in the AB and gut anlagen [206]. All of them exhibit different expression dynamics.…”

Section: Wnt Signaling Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Aspects of Regeneration Mechanisms in Holothurians

Dolmatov

2021

Genes

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Holothurians, or sea cucumbers, belong to the phylum Echinodermata. They show good regenerative abilities. The present review provides an analysis of available data on the molecular aspects of regeneration mechanisms in holothurians. The genes and signaling pathways activated during the asexual reproduction and the formation of the anterior and posterior parts of the body, as well as the molecular mechanisms that provide regeneration of the nervous and digestive systems, are considered here. Damage causes a strong stress response, the signs of which are recorded even at late regeneration stages. In holothurian tissues, the concentrations of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes increase. Furthermore, the cellular and humoral components of the immune system are activated. Extracellular matrix remodeling and Wnt signaling play a major role in the regeneration in holothurians. All available morphological and molecular data show that the dedifferentiation of specialized cells in the remnant of the organ and the epithelial morphogenesis constitute the basis of regeneration in holothurians. However, depending on the type of damage, the mechanisms of regeneration may differ significantly in the spatial organization of regeneration process, the involvement of different cell types, and the depth of reprogramming of their genome (dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation).

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Wnt and frizzled expression during regeneration of internal organs in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Molecular mechanisms of fission in echinoderms: Transcriptome analysis

Molecular mechanisms of fission in echinoderms: Transcriptome analysis

Wnt Signaling Pathway Linked to Intestinal Regeneration via Evolutionary Patterns and Gene Expression in the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Molecular Aspects of Regeneration Mechanisms in Holothurians

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