Which Are You Watching, an Individual Reactive Oxygen Species or Total Oxidative Stress?

Abstract

The fluorometric measurement of an individual reactive oxygen species (ROS) provides useful biological and biochemical information on ROS as important mediators for the pathological conditions of various diseases and yet requires a highly specific probe toward the target ROS. To design such a specific ROS probe, this report proposes a new strategy based on protection-deprotection chemistry between fluoresceins and their derivatives protected with benzenesulfonyl groups. The strategy has allowed developing new fluorescent probes toward extra- and intracellular hydrogen peroxide or superoxide. Herein, I outline the strategy used for the design of these ROS probes and their probe performance with high selectivity toward hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, which could not be achieved until a simple deprotection, namely, a nonredox reaction, was used as a fluorescing process.

Oxidative stress and antioxidative systems: recipes for successful data collection and interpretation

“…Other similar probes, such as 3′‐ O ‐Acetyl‐6′‐ O ‐pentafluorobenzenesulfonyl‐2′‐7′‐difluorofluorescein (BES‐H2O2‐Ac), may be more specific for H 2 O 2 and have been employed in plants (Maeda ; Biswas & Mano ). Fluorescent probes have also been described for specific live‐cell imaging of lipid peroxides (Soh et al .…”

“…Other similar probes, such as 3′-O-Acetyl-6′-Opentafluorobenzenesulfonyl-2′-7′-difluorofluorescein (BES-H2O2-Ac), may be more specific for H 2 O 2 and have been employed in plants (Maeda 2008;Biswas & Mano 2015). Fluorescent probes have also been described for specific live-cell imaging of lipid peroxides (Soh et al 2007), a group of compounds that play important roles in signalling downstream from primary ROS production (Farmer & Mueller 2013;Biswas & Mano 2015).…”

“…In Chlamydomonas, regulation of catalase activity has been linked to the thioredoxin system (Shao et al 2008). Several other studies have detected antioxidative enzymes among proteins that interact with thioredoxins or that can undergo thiol modifications such as S-nitrosylation (Balmer et al 2003(Balmer et al , 2004Romero-Puertas et al 2007, 2008Rosenwasser et al 2014;Waszczak et al 2014). In many cases, the in vivo significance of these processes remains to be more closely defined.…”

“…Keen interest has focused on protein cysteine S-nitrosylation (Romero-Puertas et al 2007, 2008. However, few studies have thus far reported on quantitative changes in S-nitrosylation of proteins as a result of oxidative stress in planta.…”

Catechol, a major component of smoke, influences primary root growth and root hair elongation through reactive oxygen species‐mediated redox signaling

“…(a) Sample preparation and data analysis (|log 2 FC| > 1, FDR ≤ 0.05); Venn-diagrams show the number of up-and downregulated genes in root tips after treatment with S2 fraction for 2 and 6 h compared to control groups. Numbers in red (upregulation) (Maeda, 2008). In controls, H 2 O 2 fluorescence was particularly enriched in the expanding root hairs and in the EZ/DZ of primary roots.…”