VvHDZ28 positively regulate salicylic acid biosynthesis during seed abortion in Thompson Seedless

Abstract

Summary Seedlessness in grapes is one of the features most appreciated by consumers. However, the mechanisms underlying seedlessness in grapes remain obscure. Here, we observe small globular embryos and globular embryos in Pinot Noir and Thompson Seedless from 20 to 30 days after flowering (DAF). From 40 to 50 DAF, we observe torpedo embryos and cotyledon embryos in Pinot Noir but aborted embryos and endosperm in Thompson Seedless. Thus, RNA‐Seq analyses of seeds at these stages from Thompson Seedless and Pinot Noir were performed. A total of 6442 differentially expressed genes were identified. Among these, genes involved in SA biosynthesis, VvEDS1 and VvSARD1, were more highly expressed in Thompson Seedless than in Pinot Noir. Moreover, the content of endogenous SA is at least five times higher in Thompson Seedless than in Pinot Noir. Increased trimethylation of H3K27 of VvEDS1 and VvSARD1 may be correlated with lower SA content in Pinot Noir. We also demonstrate that VvHDZ28 positively regulates the expression of VvEDS1. Moreover, over‐expression of VvHDZ28 results in seedless fruit and increased SA contents in Solanum lycopersicum. Our results reveal the potential role of SA and feedback regulation of VvHDZ28 in seedless grapes.

Programmed Cell Death May Be Involved in the Seedless Phenotype Formation of Oil Palm

“…Besides, boron deficiency can affect pollen germination, pollen tube growth, fruit set, and seed formation, thereby inhibiting reproductive growth ( Alva et al, 2015 ). Previous studies on seedless phenotype were principally focused on other species, such as Arabidopsis ( Goetz et al, 2007 ), tomato ( Klap et al, 2017 ; Takisawa et al, 2018 ; Molesini et al, 2020 ), grapevine ( Malabarba et al, 2017 ; di Rienzo et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2021 ), citrus ( Zhang et al, 2018 ; Liang et al, 2020 ), eggplant ( Chen et al, 2017 ), sugar apple ( Lora et al, 2011 ), and pear ( Wang et al, 2021a , b ).…”

The co-expression of genes involved in seed coat and endosperm development promotes seed abortion in grapevine

“…The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing protein NBS-LRR is the major plant immune receptor family (Calvo-Baltanás et al 2021). The NBS-LRRs work upstream of the SA pathway, and the key defense response factor NPR1, which belongs to the NBS-LRR family, could be activated in the stress response to promote cell death via SA signaling and induce seed abortion (Bomblies and Weigel 2007;Li et al 2021). Both NPR1 and SID2 were known to promote cell death in the SA pathway, when NPR1 or SID2 was inhibited, and due to a negative effect the number of viable seeds was increased (Burkart-Waco et al 2013).…”

“…Levels of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) were much higher in the seedless 'Crimson Seedless' and in the seeded 'Red Globe' after 4 weeks of flowering, indicating an autoimmune defense response (Royo et al 2018) and a SA-dependent immune defense response in seed abortion (Burkart-Waco et al 2013). More recent research showed that seed abortion was a programmed cell death (PCD) process, whereby the high SA content induced the expression of a positive regulator(s) of SA synthesis and enhanced the expression of downstream related PCD genes (Li et al 2021).…”

Conifer Biotechnology: An Overview

“…Comparative transcriptomics and genomics of conifer developmental studies are currently being used for these purposes [10], and a database of research related to the study of conifer genera and species [1,2] will be useful for further studies on a more comprehensive and solid basis. These aspects are not unique to conifer studies, and they also have great importance in other fields [11]. However, in conifers, which have such a varied global distribution in disparate environments, and which maintain enormous adaptability and diversification, the challenge is even greater.…”