<i>VIRGULUS</i> RAF. (1837), AN EARLIER NAME FOR <i>LASALLEA</i> GREENE (1903) (ASTERACEAE)

Reveal, James L.; Keener, Carl S.

doi:10.2307/1219951

TAXON

1981

DOI: 10.2307/1219951

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VIRGULUS RAF. (1837), AN EARLIER NAME FOR LASALLEA GREENE (1903) (ASTERACEAE)

James L. Reveal¹,

Carl S. Keener

Abstract: Summary Virgulus Raf. (1837) is the earliest available name for those species of Aster L. with a basic chromosome number of x = 5, or derived x = 4. This name has priority over the recently reinstated Lasallea Greene (1903) which is additionally an orthographic variant of Lasallia Mérat (1821), a lichen. The necessary transfers are made from Aster to Virgulas.

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Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Jones and Young, 1983). Utilizing the characteristics cited by Reveal and Keener (1981) to circumscribe Virgulus in a comparison with other Aster groups, I found that all except one (glandularity) also applied to Heleastrum (A. G. Jones, 1982). Two very striking shared traits are exhibited by the cypselas.…”

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confidence: 95%

“…No previous chromosome count has been reported for this species which was placed, on the basis of morphological characteristics, in Virgulus, i.e., the x = 5 assemblage of Aster sensu lato [cf. A. G. Jones, 1980a;Jones and Young, 1983;Reveal and Keener, 1981;Semple and Brouillet, 1980a (as Lasallea)]. The NOR-chromosome is the largest of the genome, and the satellite is approximately half the size of the proximal end of the short arm.…”

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Chromosomal Features as Generic Criteria in the Astereae

Jones

1985

TAXON

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Summary Several examples may serve to address four basic questions concerning the applicability of chromosomal features to the determination of generic limits in the Astereae: 1) What do chromosome numbers per se tell us? 2) Can we assume that x = 9 (or any other base number) is homologous for all taxa sharing the character state? 3) Can genera with more than one basic chromosome number be regarded as monophyletic? and 4) are chromosomal features correlated with gross morphological characters that will render them useful in the construction of general classifications? The evolutionary conservatism that makes chromosomal features very strong characters also limits the usefulness of the most common feature studied: the basic chromosome number. Chromosome count statistics are presented as a partial answer to the first question and, to prove a point, a “new” chromosome count is reported for Aster carolinianus. Examples are cited (e.g., Astranthium, Brachyscome, Chrysopsis, and Aster sensu lato) to show that base numbers may be primitive, or they may be derived by way of either dysploid reduction or amphidiploid increase. It is mainly with regard to the third question that concepts diverge, and there is no simple answer. The true situation may be that most genera are monobasic, but that there are a few which are not. In this connection, a well‐known example in the Aster alliance is discussed, which leads to an answer regarding the last question. Chromosomal features are basic to an understanding of relationships in the Astereae, but more so at the infrageneric than the generic level. Unless correlated with gross morphological (and/or distributional) characteristics, they are of limited value in the determination of generic boundaries.

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Chromosomal Features as Generic Criteria in the Astereae

Jones

1985

TAXON

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“…(b) Similar species and distinguishing characteristics-The literature prior to 1999 generally treats both Symphyotrichum ericoides and S. novae-angliae as members of the genus Aster (e.g., Britton and Brown 1913;Mackenzie 1926;Shinners 1941;Hill 1980; but see Semple and Brouillet 1980b;Reveal and Keener 1981). Chloroplast DNA evidence and gene sequence data (Noyes and Rieseberg 1999) demonstrate that Symphyotrichum is quite distinct from Aster.…”

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confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 125. Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom (Aster ericoides L.) and S. novae-angliae (L.) Nesom (A. novae-angliae L.)

Chmielewski¹,

Semple²

2003

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Description and Account of VariationFor personal use only. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCEwoody, cormoid rootstocks or herbaceous rhizomes, are ascending to erect, 4-9 dm tall, and moderately to densely covered by straight, stiff, sharp, appressed or spreading hairs . In midwestern grasslands the species was reported to produce 50 or more 0.45 m tall stems with a spread of 0.75 m from a basal diameter of 0.15 m (Albertson and Weaver 1944). The lower stem leaves are linear, much longer (up to 6 cm) than wide (up to 7 mm), the widest point above the middle, and are deciduous by flowering. The upper stem leaves are linear or widest above the middle and entire, the largest 10 × 4 mm, spine tipped, moderately to densely covered by straight, stiff, sharp, appressed hairs, the branch leaves similar, many, and reduced, often becoming bracts. The inflorescence is panicled, often pyramidal, with many flowering heads. The peduncles are densely covered with short, soft hairs. Bracts subtending the flowering heads are linear to narrowly lanceshaped, grading into leaves and head bracts, and moderately to densely covered by straight, stiff, sharp, appressed hairs. The flowering heads are bell-shaped, 3-4.5 mm high. The phyllaries (head bracts) occur in 3-4 graduated series, the outer spreading to bent backwards, ciliolate-margined, sparsely to densely covered with firm, stiff hairs, spine tipped, with a diamond-shaped chlorophyllous zone. Rays are 8-20, 3-4.5 mm long, 0.7-1.2 mm wide, and white, rarely blue or pink. The disc corollas are 7-15, 2.5-4 mm long, yellow, becoming brown, somewhat enlarged or expanded, with lobes 0.5-0.6 mm long. Achenes are spindle-shaped, 1.0 × 0.4 × 0.2 mm, broadest near the middle and tapering towards both ends, with the attachment at the narrow end, margins ribbed, each surface with one rib and also nerved, densely covered by stiff, sharp, appressed hairs, with a single pappus whorl about equal in length to the disc corolla (Montgomery 1977;Jones 1978a;Semple et al. 1996). Flowering occurs from mid July to the end of September, rarely October, in the northern portion of the range, including Canadian populations, extending into November in the more southern US populations. For personal use only. CHMIELEWSKI AND SEMPLE -SYMPHYOTRICHUM ERICOIDES AND S. NOVAE-ANGLIAE 1019Chromosome numbers of n = 5 (Delisle 1937; Van Faasen 1963), 2n = 8 (Negodi 1938), 2n = 10 (Löve and Löve 1964Semple 1981), 2n = 20 (Semple et al. 1992, and 2n = 32 (Huziwara 1962) have been reported. Aneuploidy may also be occurring (Semple 1976). We consider the reports of 2n = 8 (Negodi 1938) and 2n = 32 (Huziwara 1962) for S. ericoides to be spurious.The karyotype consists of: pair L1, acrocentric (4.6 µm) with a small satellite on the end of the short arm; pair L2, slightly smaller (4.2 µm) and acrocentric, but without a

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“…Semple & Brouillet. Adopting this generic concept but noting that Virgulus Raf. (1837) is the earliest generic name available for the group, Reveal and Keener (1981) made the pertinent nomenclatural transfers.…”

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Generic Concepts of Aster (Asteraceae): A Comparison of Cladistic, Phenetic, and Cytological Approaches

Jones¹,

Young²

1983

Systematic Botany

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VIRGULUS RAF. (1837), AN EARLIER NAME FOR LASALLEA GREENE (1903) (ASTERACEAE)

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Chromosomal Features as Generic Criteria in the Astereae

Chromosomal Features as Generic Criteria in the Astereae

The biology of Canadian weeds. 125. Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom (Aster ericoides L.) and S. novae-angliae (L.) Nesom (A. novae-angliae L.)

Generic Concepts of Aster (Asteraceae): A Comparison of Cladistic, Phenetic, and Cytological Approaches

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