Vibrio parahaemolyticusserovar O3:K6 gastroenteritis in northeast Brazil

Abstract

Aims: To examine the virulence factors and the genetic relationship isolates of the serogroup O3 of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in outbreaks of diarrhoea in the northeast region of Brazil. Methods and Results: Eighteen samples of the O3:K6 and O3:KUT serotypes of V. parahaemolyticus were analysed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m‐PCR) for detection of the tl, tdh and trh genes, by random‐amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using two primers, and by amplification of the rDNA 16S–23S region. The gene tl was amplified in all the samples, tdh in 16 while trh in none; amplification of rDNA 16S–23S generated only one profile; each RAPD primer produced two amplification patterns allowing grouping two tdh– Kanagawa‐negative isolates. Conclusions: V. parahaemolyticus with characteristics of the pandemic clone appears to be widely disseminated in the studied region. Because of the genetic uniformity of the isolates, elucidation of outbreaks or tracking the source of contamination by the present molecular techniques seems useless. Significance and Impact of the Study: Detection of V. parahaemolyticus with virulence potential of pandemic clone from two outbreaks and from several isolated gastroenteritis cases points out the need for inclusion of this micro‐organism in the Brazilian routine monitoring of the diarrhoeas for elucidation of their aetiology.

Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 on the American continent

“…However, in February 1996, the O3:K6 serotype emerged in Kolkata with identical genotypes ( tdh positive and trh negative) and profiles that were indistinguishable by molecular subtyping techniques (Okuda et al, 1997). In subsequent years, isolates similar to those from Kolkata were reported from foodborne outbreaks and from sporadic cases in several sites worldwide (Daniels et al, 2000a; Matsumoto et al, 2000; Ansaruzzaman et al, 2005; Gonzalez-Escalona et al, 2005; Martinez-Urtaza et al, 2005; Leal et al, 2008; Velazquez-Roman et al, 2012), particularly during the warmer months of the year. Subsequently, the pandemic clone began global dissemination, with many outbreaks.…”

“…Bacterial dispersal through ballast water, however, fails to consistently and comprehensively explain the emergence of some epidemic episodes of V. parahaemolyticus (Ansede-Bermejo et al, 2010). This is particularly true where infections have emerged and spread rapidly over hundreds of kilometers of coastline, as in the case of the arrival, dissemination and establishment of the O3:K6 clone populations along the Pacific Coast of South America (Peru) since 1996 (Leal et al, 2008; Martinez-Urtaza et al, 2008). …”

RAPD-PCR as a Molecular Discriminative Technique for Human Pathogenic Bacteria - A Review

“…RAPD produced two amplification patterns allowing grouping two tdh-Kanagawa-negatives isolates [14].…”

Managing the risk of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections associated with oyster consumption: A review

“…In a report, even with consumer who reported eating only thoroughly cooked (grilled, stewed, or fried) oysters were as likely to become ill as those who ate raw oysters due to the failure of cooking (McDonnell et al., 1997). The incidence of gastroenteritis caused by V. parahaemolyticus associated with the consumption of oysters has been reported in the United States (Drake, DePaola, & Jaykus, 2007; Iwamoto et al., 2010; McLaughlin et al., 2005), Canada (Taylor, Cheng, et al., 2018), China (Chen et al., 2017; Ma et al., 2014; Wu, Wen, Ma, Ma, & Chen, 2014), Taiwan (Hsiao, Jan, & Chi, 2016; Lin, Lin, Kou, Hong, & Wu, 2015), Spain (Lozano‐León, Torres, Osorio, & Martínez‐Urtaza, 2003), Italy (Ottaviani et al., 2008), Chile (Garcia et al., 2009), Peru (Gil et al., 2007), and Brazil (Leal et al., 2008). Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States also reported two cases of V. parahaemolyticus infection resulting from the consumption of oysters imported from Mexico (U.S. CDC, 2019).…”