<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>
            from the Blue Crab
            <i>Callinectes sapidus</i>
            in Chesapeake Bay

Krantz, George E.; Colwell, Rita R.; Lovelace, E.

doi:10.1126/science.164.3885.1286

Cited by 93 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…are often detected in dead or moribund blue crabs (Krantz et al, 1969;Johnson, 1976;Welsh and Sizemore, 1985). However, Vibrio are often cultured from the hemolymph of apparently healthy blue crabs (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vibrio spp. are characterized as opportunistic crustacean pathogens and can cause mortality in the blue crab (Krantz et al, 1969;Johnson, 1976;Welsh and Sizemore, 1985). Experimentally introduced bacteria or other foreign particles are rapidly cleared (within 1h) from crustacean hemolymph (McCumber and Clem, 1977;Merrill et al, 1979;White and Ratcliffe, 1982;Adams, 1991;Martin et al, 1993;van de Braak et al, 2002;Holman et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy metabolism and metabolic depression during exercise inCallinectes sapidus, the Atlantic blue crab: effects of the bacterial pathogenVibrio campbellii

Thibodeaux

Burnett

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYCallinectes sapidus (Rathbun), the Atlantic blue crab, commonly harbors low to moderate amounts of bacteria in hemolymph and other tissues. These bacteria are typically dominated by Vibrio spp., which are known to cause mortality in the blue crab. The dose-dependent lethality of an isolate of Vibrio campbellii was determined in crabs; the mean 48h LD 50 (half-maximal lethal dose) was 6.2ϫ10 5 colony forming unitsg -1 crab. Injection of a sublethal dose of V. campbellii into the hemolymph of the crab resulted in a rapid and large depression (30-42%) of metabolic rate, which persisted for 24h. Because gills are an organ of immune function as well as respiration, we were interested in how bacteria injected into the crab would affect the energetic costs associated with walking. Overall metabolism (aerobic and anaerobic) more than doubled in crabs walking for 30min at 8mmin -1 . The metabolic depression resulting from bacterial injection persisted throughout the exercise period and patterns of phosphagen and adenylate consumption within walking leg muscle were not affected by treatment. The ability of crabs to supply required energy for walking is largely unaffected by exposure to Vibrio; however, Vibrio-injected crabs are less aerobic while doing so. This depressed metabolic condition in response to bacteria, present during moderate activity, could be a passive result of mounting an immune response or may indicate an actively regulated metabolic depression. A compromised metabolism can affect the performance of daily activities, such as feeding and predator avoidance or affect the ability to cope with environmental stressors, such as hypoxia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy metabolism and metabolic depression during exercise inCallinectes sapidus, the Atlantic blue crab: effects of the bacterial pathogenVibrio campbellii

Thibodeaux

Burnett

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…ibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophile that is abundant in the aquatic environment and has been isolated from the water column and sediment and in association with crustaceans, mollusks, fish, and planktonic copepods (1)(2)(3)(4). In the marine and estuarine environments, V. parahaemolyticus must navigate changing salinities, temperatures, and nutrient limitations and is known to proliferate during the warmer months of the year when the salinity and temperature are elevated (2,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of the Osmoprotectant Ectoine, but Not Glycine Betaine, Is Critical for Survival of Osmotically Stressed Vibrio parahaemolyticus Cells

Ongagna-Yhombi

Boyd

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophile present in marine and estuarine environments, ecosystems characterized by fluctuations in salinity and temperature. One strategy to thrive in such environments is the synthesis and/or uptake of compatible solutes. The V. parahaemolyticus genome contains biosynthesis systems for both ectoine and glycine betaine, which are known to act as compatible solutes in other species. We showed that V. parahaemolyticus had a 6% NaCl tolerance when grown in M9 minimal medium with 0.4% glucose (M9G) with a >5-h lag phase. By using 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-NMR) analysis, we determined that cells synthesized ectoine and glutamate in a NaCl-dependent manner. The most effective compatible solutes as measured by a reduction in lag-phase growth in M9G with 6% NaCl (M9G 6% NaCl) were in the order glycine betaine > choline > proline ‫؍‬ glutamate > ectoine. However, V. parahaemolyticus could use glutamate or proline as the sole carbon source, but not ectoine or glycine betaine, which suggests that these are bona fide compatible solutes. Expression analysis showed that the ectA and betA genes were more highly expressed in log-phase cells, and expression of both genes was induced by NaCl up-shock. Under all conditions examined, the ectA gene was more highly expressed than the betA gene. Analysis of inframe deletions in betA and ectB and in a double mutant showed that the ectB mutant was defective for growth, and this defect was rescued by the addition of glycine betaine, proline, ectoine, and glutamate, indicating that these compounds are compatible solutes for this species. The presence of both synthesis systems was the predominant distribution pattern among members of the Vibrionaceae family, suggesting this is the ancestral state.

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“…Such vibrios have their main habitat in estuarine waters, fish and shellfish. Outside Japan, these bacteria have been encountered on fish and shellfish landed in the United States (Ward, 1968;Krantz, Colwell & Lovelace, 1969) and in Northern Germany (Nakanishi, Leistner, Hechelmann & Baumgart, 1968).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey on the occurrence ofVibrio parahaemolyticuson fish and shellfish, marketed in The Netherlands

Kampelmacher

Mossel

Jansen

et al. 1970

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYA survey was carried out on the occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus on fish and shellfish, as sold in The Netherlands.The optimal mode of detection of this bacterium appeared to be: (i) enrichment of swabs taken from the surface and the gills in freshly prepared meat broth with 5 % NaCl; (ii) streaking onto Teepol bromothymol blue agar (BTB) and taurocholate bromothymol blue sucrose agar (TCBS); (iii) confirmation of suspect colonies by testing for mode of growth in butts/slants of a Kligler type glucose sucrose iron thiosulphate agar, formation of indole in 2 % NaCl 2 % trypticase water, anaerobic utilization of starch in the presence of 5 % NaCl and oxidase reaction according to Kovacs (1956).A total of 407 samples, stemming from 17 types of fish and shellfish, taken at three fish shops, was examined by this technique. Only one specimen, i.e. a haddock, was found to contain V. parahaemolyticus. This contamination rate of approximately 0-3 % correlates well with data found earlier for fish landed in Northern Germany.

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus in Chesapeake Bay

Abstract: Strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the etiologic agent of "Shirasu" food poisoning in Japan, were isolated from moribund blue crabs Callinectes sapidus and identified by biochemical and serological techniques.

Cited by 93 publications

References 11 publications

Energy metabolism and metabolic depression during exercise inCallinectes sapidus, the Atlantic blue crab: effects of the bacterial pathogenVibrio campbellii

Energy metabolism and metabolic depression during exercise inCallinectes sapidus, the Atlantic blue crab: effects of the bacterial pathogenVibrio campbellii

Biosynthesis of the Osmoprotectant Ectoine, but Not Glycine Betaine, Is Critical for Survival of Osmotically Stressed Vibrio parahaemolyticus Cells

A survey on the occurrence ofVibrio parahaemolyticuson fish and shellfish, marketed in The Netherlands

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