<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>
            Strain Typing and Phylogeny Study Based on Simple Sequence Repeats

Danin‐Poleg, Yael; Cohen, Lyora A.; Gancz, Hanan; Broza, Yoav Y.; Goldshmidt, Hanoh; Malul, Elinor; Valinsky, Lea; Lerner, Larisa; Broza, Meir; Kashi, Yechezkel

doi:10.1128/jcm.01895-06

Cited by 76 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Interestingly, the amount of DNP triplets varies from 2 to 9 in different V. cholerae strains. These simple sequence repeats, also designated VNTRs (for variable number of tandem repeats), were among a group of different VNTRs identified in a few additional loci of V. cholerae that recently have been utilized for strain typing and phylogeny studies of environmental and clinical isolates (35)(36)(37).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metalloprotease Secreted by the Type II Secretion System Links Vibrio cholerae with Collagen

et al. 2015

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bVibrio cholerae is autochthonous to various aquatic niches and is the etiological agent of the life-threatening diarrheal disease cholera. The persistence of V. cholerae in natural habitats is a crucial factor in the epidemiology of cholera. In contrast to the well-studied V. cholerae-chitin connection, scarce information is available about the factors employed by the bacteria for the interaction with collagens. Collagens might serve as biologically relevant substrates, because they are the most abundant protein constituents of metazoan tissues and V. cholerae has been identified in association with invertebrate and vertebrate marine animals, as well as in a benthic zone of the ocean where organic matter, including collagens, accumulates. Here, we describe the characterization of the V. cholerae putative collagenase, VchC, encoded by open reading frame VC1650 and belonging to the subfamily M9A peptidases. Our studies demonstrate that VchC is an extracellular collagenase degrading native type I collagen of fish and mammalian origin. Alteration of the predicted catalytic residues coordinating zinc ions completely abolished the protein enzymatic activity but did not affect the translocation of the protease by the type II secretion pathway into the extracellular milieu. We also show that the protease undergoes a maturation process with the aid of a secreted factor(s). Finally, we propose that V. cholerae is a collagenovorous bacterium, as it is able to utilize collagen as a sole nutrient source. This study initiates new lines of investigations aiming to uncover the structural and functional components of the V. cholerae collagen utilization program. Members of the genus Vibrio are important inhabitants of the marine coastal waters, estuaries, and ocean sediments, with some pathogenic species also causing wound infections, primary septicemia, gastroenteritis, and diarrhea in humans (1, 2). Among the more than 200 serogroups of V. cholerae, only O1 and O139 are recognized as agents of cholera, a potentially life-threatening diarrheal disease. Cholera remains a significant public health problem by affecting millions of people annually, predominantly in developing countries that have limited clean water supplies and poor sanitation (3). Infection of the human host occurs upon ingestion of water or food contaminated with the bacterium. Following colonization of the small intestine, V. cholerae utilizes a multicomponent secretory pathway, the type II secretion system (T2SS), to release cholera toxin. Cholera toxin induces acute diarrhea in people infected with cholera, enabling the bacteria to escape from the host into the aquatic reservoir (4). During interepidemic periods, V. cholerae persists freely or in association with various aquatic organisms, including copepods, insect egg masses, shellfish, and vertebrate fish (5-7). Extracellular proteins, including those secreted by the T2SS, have been implicated in facilitating the fitness of V. cholerae in both the human host and aquatic niches (4,6,8). The array of extrace...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metalloprotease Secreted by the Type II Secretion System Links Vibrio cholerae with Collagen

et al. 2015

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“…MLVA has been compared with other traditional methods such as restriction fragment length polymorphism, spoligotyping, and multilocus sequence typing and was found to be suitable based on discriminatory potential and convenience in laboratory applications (1,3,8,13,16). Thus, after the sequence of the M. leprae genome was published, a list of 44 candidate VNTR loci was identified, 9 of which showed polymorphisms in a small panel of reference strains (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Distribution of Mycobacterium leprae Genotypes in a Region of High Leprosy Prevalence in China: a 3-Year Molecular Epidemiological Study

et al. 2007

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Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) has been proposed as a means of strain typing for tracking the transmission of leprosy. However, empirical data for a defined population are lacking. To this end, a study was initiated to assess the diversity and distribution of prevalent Mycobacterium leprae strains in Qiubei County, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China, where the annual detection rate of leprosy is 10-fold higher than the national average rate. Sixty-eight newly diagnosed leprosy patients were included in the study. MLVA at eight M. leprae loci was applied using DNA extracts from skin biopsies. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 24, providing adequate strain discrimination. MLVA strain typing identified several clusters of patients whose M. leprae specimens shared similar VNTR profiles. Two of these clusters were comprised of patients who resided predominantly in the north and northwest parts of Qiubei County. Furthermore, it was found that multicase families are common in this county: 23 of the 68 patients were from 11 families. Intrafamilial VNTR profiles closely matched within six families, although they were different between the families. Moreover, VNTR patterns related to those found in some multicase families were also detected in patients in the same or adjacent townships, indicating the utility of VNTR strain typing to identify and detect short-range transmission events. Social contact through village markets is proposed as a means of transmission.

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“…Methods relying on sequence variations in multiple VNTR regions have been developed for the subtyping of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis [35], Vibrio cholerae [36], and Legionella pneumophila [37] isolates.…”

Section: Variable-number Tandem Repeat (Vntr) Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of molecular typing methods for outbreak detection and epidemiological surveillance

et al. 2013

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Typing methods for discriminating different bacterial isolates of the same species are essential epidemiological tools in infection prevention and control. Traditional typing systems based on phenotypes, such as serotype, biotype, phage-type, or antibiogram, have been used for many years. However, more recent methods that examine the relatedness of isolates at a molecular level have revolutionised our ability to differentiate among bacterial types and subtypes. Importantly, the development of molecular methods has provided new tools for enhanced surveillance and outbreak detection. This has resulted in better implementation of rational infection control programmes and efficient allocation of resources across Europe. The emergence of benchtop sequencers using next generation sequencing technology makes bacterial whole genome sequencing (WGS) feasible even in small research and clinical laboratories. WGS has already been used for the characterisation of bacterial isolates in several large outbreaks in Europe and, in the near future, is likely to replace currently used typing methodologies due to its ultimate resolution. However, WGS is still too laborious and time-consuming to obtain useful data in routine surveillance. Also, a largely unresolved question is how genome sequences must be examined for epidemiological characterisation. In the coming years, the lessons learnt from currently used molecular methods will allow us to condense the WGS data into epidemiologically useful information. On this basis, we have reviewed current and new molecular typing methods for outbreak detection and epidemiological surveillance of bacterial pathogens in clinical practice, aiming to give an overview of their specific advantages and disadvantages.

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Vibrio cholerae Strain Typing and Phylogeny Study Based on Simple Sequence Repeats

Cited by 76 publications

References 85 publications

A Metalloprotease Secreted by the Type II Secretion System Links Vibrio cholerae with Collagen

A Metalloprotease Secreted by the Type II Secretion System Links Vibrio cholerae with Collagen

Identification and Distribution of Mycobacterium leprae Genotypes in a Region of High Leprosy Prevalence in China: a 3-Year Molecular Epidemiological Study

Overview of molecular typing methods for outbreak detection and epidemiological surveillance

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