<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>O1 Hybrid El Tor Strains, Asia and Africa

Safa, Ashrafus; Sultana, Jesmin; Cam, Phung Dac; Mwansa, James; Kong, Richard Yuen Chong

doi:10.3201/eid1406.080129

Cited by 123 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Subsequent retrospective studies showed that all of the O1 ET strains isolated in Bangladesh since 2001 were hybrids of both CL and ET biotypes, while those isolated before 2001 contained all the ET attributes of the seventh pandemic V. cholerae O1 . V. cholerae hybrid ET continues to be routinely isolated from clinical cholera cases in Asia and Africa (Safa et al, 2008), and has been reported to be a new pandemic pathogen capable of causing more severe disease (Siddique et al, 2010), which is spreading globally (Chin et al, 2011). A recent study in India reported that a new CT variant of V. cholerae O1 ET with an amino acid substitution at position 20 caused a large cholera outbreak in Orissa, Eastern India (Kumar et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characteristics of drug-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 causing endemic cholera in Dhaka, 2006–2011

Rashed

Mannan

Johura

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor (ET), causing the seventh cholera pandemic, was recently replaced in Bangladesh by an altered ET possessing ctxB of the Classical (CL) biotype, which caused the first six cholera pandemics. In the present study, V. cholerae O1 strains associated with endemic cholera in Dhaka between 2006 and 2011 were analysed for major phenotypic and genetic characteristics. Of 54 representative V. cholerae isolates tested, all were phenotypically ET and showed uniform resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) and furazolidone (FR). Resistance to tetracycline (TE) and erythromycin (E) showed temporal fluctuation, varying from year to year, while all isolates were susceptible to gentamicin (CN) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). Yearwise data revealed erythromycin resistance to be 33.3 % in 2006 and 11 % in 2011, while tetracycline resistance accounted for 33, 78, 0, 100 and 27 %

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characteristics of drug-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 causing endemic cholera in Dhaka, 2006–2011

Rashed

Mannan

Johura

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…However, most of these reports have been generated from southern, south-western and eastern parts of the country (27)(28)(29)(30), though the northern states, Punjab and Haryana have also reported cases of cholera caused by new variants of V. cholerae O1 El Tor (28). Remarkably, while preparing the current investigation report, we could not locate any such report of cholera outbreaks from Bihar, indicating a gap in disease surveillance and documentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also identified gaps pertaining to feedback as well as meeting and intersectoral coordination between the health and other administrative departments of the same district. It is important to note that the isolates of V. cholerae recovered during epidemics in West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, and Chennai (formerly called Madras) were used for research on cholera in the early 1960s (29,30). The migration of a large labor population from PatnaMunger regions of Bihar to West Bengal and back to their native region was also implicated in the cholera outbreak in Bihar during this time; this finding was supported by the similarity of the strains isolated in these 2 states.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Cholera Caused by <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1 El Tor Variant Strain in Bihar, India

et al. 2014

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SUMMARY: An outbreak of cholera struck Bihar, an Indian state, in August 2008 following a massive flood. Here we report the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from patients with diarrhea. Rectal swabs were obtained from patients with diarrhea who were admitted to medical camps or the hospital, and the strains were biochemically and serologically characterized. V. cholerae was isolated from 21 (65.6z) of 32 rectal swabs. Serological studies revealed that all the 21 isolates belonged to V. cholerae O1 Ogawa. Mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA)-PCR showed that the isolates belonged to El Tor variant group, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) proved that these isolates were of a different lineage than the conventional El Tor variant strains. These isolates were resistant to several drugs, including ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and furazolidone. The uniqueness of the current report arises from the fact that records of cholera in Bihar are availiable for the early 1960s but not for the next 4 decades. Moreover, the present study is the first to report a cholera outbreak in Bihar that was caused by an El Tor variant strain.

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“…There have been seven pandemics of cholera since 1817 (Harris et al, 2012). The current and seventh pandemic began in 1961; although it was initially caused by the V. cholerae O1 El Tor biotype, the V. cholerae O139 type was detected in 1993 (Chongsa-nguan et al, 1993;Garg et al, 1993;Albert et al, 1993;Ramamurthy et al, 1993) and variants of V. cholerae O1 El Tor emerged in the 1990s (Ansaruzzaman et al, 2004;Nair et al, 2006;Raychoudhuri et al, 2008;Safa et al, 2008;Morita et al, 2010). Genome analyses have shown three waves of epidemics by V. cholerae O1 El Tor and El Tor variants to date (Mutreja et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2014a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae O1 in northern Vietnam (2007–2009), using multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis

Nguyen

Ngo

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Cholera is an infectious disease of major concern in Vietnam and other Asian countries. In 2009, there was a large outbreak of cholera in northern Vietnam. To investigate relationships among isolates of the causative pathogen Vibrio cholerae in this region since 2007, we carried out a multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of 170 isolates collected between 2007 and 2009. A total of 24 MLVA types were identified using seven loci. Five clones (1-5) were identified using five loci of the large V. cholerae chromosome; clones 1 and 2 were major, and the others were minor. Clone 1 isolates were responsible for the 2009 outbreak. A shift in the predominant clone occurred between 2007 and 2009, with clone 1 likely derived from clone 2. Moreover, the former was less diverse than the latter, suggesting a single source of cholera dissemination. Epidemiological data indicated a wavelet prior to the large outbreak, suggesting that drinking water source or food chain became contaminated during dissemination. Our results reveal the utility of MLVA for analysis of V. cholerae isolates within a relatively short period and broaden our understanding of its transmission and response to cholera.

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Vibrio choleraeO1 Hybrid El Tor Strains, Asia and Africa

Cited by 123 publications

References 11 publications

Genetic characteristics of drug-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 causing endemic cholera in Dhaka, 2006–2011

Genetic characteristics of drug-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 causing endemic cholera in Dhaka, 2006–2011

Outbreak of Cholera Caused by <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1 El Tor Variant Strain in Bihar, India

Molecular epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae O1 in northern Vietnam (2007–2009), using multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis

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