<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> subverts the sphingomyelinase-mediated plasma membrane repair pathway for cell invasion

Fernandes, Maria Cecília; Cortéz, Mauro; Flannery, Andrew R.; Tam, Christina; Mortara, Renato Arruda; Andrews, Norma W.

doi:10.1084/jem.20102518

Cited by 121 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In the trigger mechanism, Gram-negative bacteria use a secretion apparatus that injects effectors into host cells to directly activate their internalization machinery (2). More recently, a third invasion mechanism used by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes and the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi was reported (3,4). This novel mechanism of pathogen internalization is stimulated upon perforation of the host cell plasma membrane.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This invasion mechanism is not activated only by LLO, since the heterologous CDC pneumolysin can also stimulate L. monocytogenes internalization (3). T. cruzi is believed to perforate host cells via an unidentified pore-forming protein or mechanical disruption (4). Thus, damaging the host cell plasma membrane emerges as an invasion strategy shared by bacteria and parasites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluxes of Ca ²⁺ and K ⁺ Are Required for the Listeriolysin O-Dependent Internalization Pathway of Listeria monocytogenes

Vadia

Seveau

2014

Infect Immun

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluxes of Ca ²⁺ and K ⁺ Are Required for the Listeriolysin O-Dependent Internalization Pathway of Listeria monocytogenes

Vadia

Seveau

2014

Infect Immun

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“…A common condition and often necessary for infection is the alteration of the host cell membrane permeability [64,65], and hemichannel activity can considerably affect the permeability of the cell membrane in mammalian cells [66]. For example, T. cruzi alters the plasma membrane permeability in host cells during different stages of the disease [65,[67][68][69].…”

Section: Alteration Of the Host Cell Membrane Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, T. cruzi alters the plasma membrane permeability in host cells during different stages of the disease [65,[67][68][69]. Another parasite that alters the plasma membrane permeability is P. falciparum.…”

Section: Alteration Of the Host Cell Membrane Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In protozoan infections, a key process in early stages of invasion is the rise in cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration [77]. For example, when T. cruzi comes into contact with the host cell, triggers a transient increase in cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration that induces lysosome exocytosis in host cells [65,77]. This process is required for cell invasion, because chelating the intracellular Ca 2+ transients in host cells reduces the entry of the parasite into the cell [78].…”

Section: Intracellular Ca 2+ Mobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involvement of Gap Junction Proteins in Infectious Diseases Caused by Parasites

Vega¹,

Barría²,

Güiza³

et al. 2017

Natural Remedies in the Fight Against Parasites

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Parasitic diseases affect low-income nations with health consequences that affect the economy of these countries. Research aimed at understanding their biology and identification of potential targets for drug development is of the highest priority. Inhibitors of channels formed by proteins of the gap junction family such as suramin and probenecid are currently used for treatment of parasitic diseases caused by pathogenic protozoan. Gap junction proteins are present in both vertebrates and invertebrates permitting direct and indirect cellular communication. These cellular specializations are formed by two protein families corresponding to connexins (vertebrates) and innexins (invertebrates). In addition, a third protein family composed by proteins denominated pannexins is present in vertebrates and shows primary sequence homology to innexins. Channels formed by these proteins are essential in many biological processes. Recent evidences suggest that gap junction proteins play a critical role in bacterial and viral infections. Nonetheless, little is known about the role of these channels in parasitic infections. In this chapter, we summarized the current knowledge about the role of gap junction family proteins and channels in parasitic infections.

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Characterization of Plasma Membrane Ceramides by Super‐Resolution Microscopy

Burgert

Schlegel

Bécam³

et al. 2017

Angewandte Chemie

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The sphingolipid ceramide regulates cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, growth arrest and apoptosis. Ceramide-rich membrane areas promote structural changes within the plasma membrane which segregates membrane receptors and affect membrane curvature and vesicle formation, fusion and trafficking. Here, we label ceramides by immunocytochemistry and visualize their distribution on the plasma membrane of different cells with virtually molecular resolution by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). Super-resolution images show that independent of labeling conditions and cell type 50-60% of all membrane ceramides are located in ceramide-rich platforms (CRPs) with a size of ~ 75 nm which are composed of at least ~ 20 ceramides. Treatment of cells with Bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase (bSMase) increases the overall ceramide concentration in the plasma membrane, the quantity of CRPs and their size. Simultaneously, the ceramide concentration in CRPs increases approximately twofold. Graphical Abstractd STORM reveals that independent of the cell type membrane ceramides form nanodomains (CRPs) with a diameter of ~ 75 nm containing 50-60% of all ceramides. Treatment with sphingomyelinase increases the quantity of ceramides, the size and density of CRPs as well as the ceramide concentration in CRPs.Correspondence to: Markus Sauer. Supporting information for this article is given via a link at the end of the document. The plasma membrane is mainly composed of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol. Sphingolipids are natural lipids comprised of the sphingoid base backbone sphingosine, which when N-acylated with fatty acids forms ceramide, a central molecule in sphingolipid biology. De-novo synthesis of ceramide occurs in the endoplasmatic reticulum followed by conversion into complex sphingolipids in the Golgi apparatus. In addition, sphingomyelinases (SMases) can generate ceramide from sphingomyelin in the plasma membrane. [1,2] Interactions of sphingolipids with one another and with cholesterol typically result in membrane microdomains or 'rafts' which segregate membrane-associated proteins and compartmentalize signaling components within the plasma membrane. [3][4][5][6] Activation of SMases by cellular stress or ligation of receptors results in ceramide synthesis and subsequent self-association within the plasma membrane resulting in ceramide-rich platforms (CRPs). [7,8] The formation of CRPs rearranges the organization of the plasma membrane including clustering of diverse receptors and facilitates vesicle formation and fusion. [8,9] These changes induce differentiation, proliferation, growth arrest, and cell death. [1,2] Moreover, SMases and ceramides have been shown to be critically involved in the internalization of pathogens. [10][11][12][13][14][15] The recent observation, that CRP formation is essential in controlling the metabolic activity of regulatory T cells demonstrates that ceramides play also an essential role in regulating immune functions and i...

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Trypanosoma cruzi subverts the sphingomyelinase-mediated plasma membrane repair pathway for cell invasion

Abstract: Trypanosoma cruzi takes advantage of a sphingomyelinase-dependent plasma membrane repair pathway to gain access to host cells.

Cited by 121 publications

References 54 publications

Fluxes of Ca ²⁺ and K ⁺ Are Required for the Listeriolysin O-Dependent Internalization Pathway of Listeria monocytogenes

Fluxes of Ca ²⁺ and K ⁺ Are Required for the Listeriolysin O-Dependent Internalization Pathway of Listeria monocytogenes

Involvement of Gap Junction Proteins in Infectious Diseases Caused by Parasites

Characterization of Plasma Membrane Ceramides by Super‐Resolution Microscopy

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Trypanosoma cruzi subverts the sphingomyelinase-mediated plasma membrane repair pathway for cell invasion

Abstract: Trypanosoma cruzi takes advantage of a sphingomyelinase-dependent plasma membrane repair pathway to gain access to host cells.

Cited by 121 publications

References 54 publications

Fluxes of Ca 2+ and K + Are Required for the Listeriolysin O-Dependent Internalization Pathway of Listeria monocytogenes

Fluxes of Ca 2+ and K + Are Required for the Listeriolysin O-Dependent Internalization Pathway of Listeria monocytogenes

Involvement of Gap Junction Proteins in Infectious Diseases Caused by Parasites

Characterization of Plasma Membrane Ceramides by Super‐Resolution Microscopy

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Product

Resources

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Fluxes of Ca ²⁺ and K ⁺ Are Required for the Listeriolysin O-Dependent Internalization Pathway of Listeria monocytogenes

Fluxes of Ca ²⁺ and K ⁺ Are Required for the Listeriolysin O-Dependent Internalization Pathway of Listeria monocytogenes