Trichophyton mentagrophytes cause underestimated contagious zoophilic fungal infection

Abstract

Trichophytia infection, paraphrased cuddly toy mycosis, occurs primarily in prepubertal children, occasionally in infants and adults. The presented case shows the highly contagious infection of four family members with Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Effective treatment requires detailed diagnostic: identifying the dermatophyte, finding the infection source, treating the infection carriers. Tinea must be treated systemically and topically because of infectivity and ignitability. Systemic terbinafine or fluconazole treatment and topical fixed combination isoconazole nitrate/diflucortolone valerate are recommended.

Infection of Trichophyton verrucosum in cattle breeders, Poland: A 40‐year retrospective study on the genomic variability of strains

“…They include 3 genera: Microsporum, Trichophyton , and Epidermophyton , and 3 ecological groups of dermatophytes: anthropophilic, zoophilic and geophilic, that is, associated with humans, animals, and soil respectively . However, anthropophilic species have been found to cause infections in animals . In the last several years, infections caused by dermatophytes have increased dramatically, and it is currently estimated that superficial mycoses affect more than 20%‐25% of the world's population .…”

“…Furthermore, dermatophytes are also repeatedly cited among the most frequent causes of dermatological problems in animals, especially domestic . An active infection in animals is not common, but many animals can be dermatophyte carriers . Factors that can predispose animals to an infection are above all stress, diet, poor environmental conditions (heat, humidity and overcrowding), age and genetic predispositions .…”

“…Knowledge of the local epidemiology of dermatophytes is important to guide the practitioner during consultation, as well as the mycologist during fungal identification . Despite regional characteristics and predispositions for dermatophyte infections, the spectrum of dermatophytes is not static, which is caused primarily by mass transport of animals and increasing human migration …”

The host range of dermatophytes, it is at all possible? Phenotypic evaluation of the keratinolytic activity of Trichophyton verrucosum clinical isolates

“…They include actually nine genera, and most of the dermatophytes belong to Trichophyton , Microsporum , Nannizzia and Arthroderma genera, and three ecological groups: anthropophilic, zoophilic and geophilic, that is, associated with humans, animals and soil, respectively . An active dermatophytosis in animals is not common, but many animals can be dermatophyte carriers . Furthermore, main factors that can predispose animals to an infection are stress, diet, poor environmental conditions (heat, humidity and overcrowding), age and genetic predispositions .…”

Comparison of in vitro activities of 11 antifungal agents against Trichophyton verrucosum isolates associated with a variety hosts and geographical origin

“…The high prevalence of dermatophytosis in animals is usually associated with extra expenditure on prevention, diagnosis and long‐term treatment . Interestingly, an active infection in animals is not common, but many animals can be dermatophyte carriers . Only, exceptional circumstances can predispose animals to symptomatic infection, that is stress, wrong diet, poor environmental conditions, age and genetic predispositions .…”