2019
DOI: 10.1177/1474885119843116
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“I tremble with my whole heart”: Cicero on the anxieties of eloquence

Abstract: Cicero's rhetorical theory offers an important critique of efforts to systematize persuasion. His resistance to this systematization is grounded in his reconception of the orator's virtus, which, amidst the crisis of the late Roman Republic, he reimagines as a capacity to endure risk in confrontation with an unruly public. In order to stress this risk, he must at the same time valorize the uncertainties of language: the absence of predictable, manipulable links between speech and audience response. Because thi… Show more

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Cited by 2 publications
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“…In this context, Cicero began to shift the conception of the orator’s traditional virtus , his courage or manliness, from a quality of dominance to a quality of endurance. The orator could no longer plausibly claim to dominate events, but he could bravely face up to the trials of oratory and the risks of rejection or lost honor that it invited (Goodman 2021). These, in turn, were harms that were bound up with the idea of slavery, “the lowest condition and fortune” (Cicero 1887, 1.13).…”
Section: Slavery and Oratory In The Classical Imaginarymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this context, Cicero began to shift the conception of the orator’s traditional virtus , his courage or manliness, from a quality of dominance to a quality of endurance. The orator could no longer plausibly claim to dominate events, but he could bravely face up to the trials of oratory and the risks of rejection or lost honor that it invited (Goodman 2021). These, in turn, were harms that were bound up with the idea of slavery, “the lowest condition and fortune” (Cicero 1887, 1.13).…”
Section: Slavery and Oratory In The Classical Imaginarymentioning
confidence: 99%