Trans‐metallated chlorophyllin by copper supported on silica‐coated magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and green catalyst for the synthesis of furan‐2(5H)‐ones

Abstract

In recent years, an unprecedented increase in environmental pollution as a result of the rapid industrialization of the world has attracted a lot of attention to green chemistry. Chlorophyllin copper complex (Chln-Cu) is one of the most vital compounds derived from natural chlorophyll that can be used as an environmental, sustainable, and green catalyst in industrial processes. In the current paper, chlorophyll was first extracted from spinach leaves, hydrolyzed, and trans-metallated to chlorophyllin copper (II) complex. The fixation of Chln-Cu on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles was performed using a green mechanical method. This mechanical solvent-free reaction was done in a planetary ball mill with 60 zirconia balls (diameter = 3 mm) and the rotation speed 200 rpm at 12 h. In conclusion, an efficient and reusable Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -NH 2 -Chln-Cu catalyst was obtained. To characterize the synthesized catalyst, several analytical techniques were used such as UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, and 13 C-NMR spectra as well as TG, ICP-OES, XRD, FE-SEM, elemental mapping, VSM, and XPS analyses. The conducted analyses showed that the catalyst was successfully synthesized. The efficiency of the catalyst was checked in the preparation of 3,4,5-trisubstituted furan-2(5H)-one derivatives at room temperature in propylene carbonate as a green solvent. Moreover, the effect of time, temperature, and solvent on the reaction yield was thoroughly investigated.

Copper chlorophyllin immobilized on ZrO2 nanoparticle as an effective and green catalyst in the one‐pot thioetherification reaction

“…Therefore, by anchoring this catalyst onto nanoparticles, one can potentially overcome these obstacles and synthesize an ideal catalyst. Chlorophylls a and b were extracted from spinach leaves and converted to CC using a procedure recently reported by our group 26 and then immobilized on ZrO 2 NPs (Scheme 1). To attach the maximum amount of CC to the ZrO 2 NPs, various amounts were tested.…”

“…32 As shown in Figure 4, ZrO 2 .xH 2 O has no peaks in the region of 200-900 nm. However, the final catalyst shows two peaks in 417 and 634 nm that belong to the UV-Vis spectrum of Soret and Q bands of CC, respectively, 26 indicating that the CC is immobilized on the support.…”

“…In continuation of our work in using chlorophyllin complexes as heterogeneous catalysts, 26 in the present work, the extracted mixture of chlorophylls (a, b) from spinach leaves is converted to CC and grafted on ZrO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) using a green and sustainable method. The prepared catalyst was used in the C-S crosscoupling reaction to synthesize aryl alkyl and diaryl thioether derivatives.…”