trans‐Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Microglial Activation and Improves Neuronal Survival against Neuroinflammation in BV2 Microglial Cells with Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation

Abstract

Background Microglial activation contributes to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. It has been suggested that neurodegenerative disorders may be improved if neuroinflammation can be controlled. trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) isolated from the stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia possesses potent anti-inflammatory capability; we thus tested whether TCA presents neuroprotective effects on improving neuronal survival by inhibiting neuroinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells. Results To determine the molecular mechanism behind TCA-mediated neuroprotective effects, we assessed the effects of TCA on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced proinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells. While LPS potently induced the production and expression upregulation of proinflammatory mediators, including NO, iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α, TCA pretreatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of NO and expression of iNOS, COX-2, and IL-1β and recovered the morphological changes in BV2 cells. TCA markedly attenuated microglial activation and neuroinflammation by blocking nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. With the aid of microglia and neuron coculture system, we showed that TCA greatly reduced LPS-elicited neuronal death and exerted neuroprotective effects. Conclusions Our results suggest that TCA, a natural product, has the potential of being used as a therapeutic agent against neuroinflammation for ameliorating neurodegenerative disorders.

Cinnamaldehyde Enhanced Functional Recovery after Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury in Rats

“…This outcome may be attributed to the reduction in proinflammatory and oxidant factors as there are several reports on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Cin [Pyo et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2016;Fu et al, 2017;Roghani et al, 2017], confirming the present findings.…”

“…Ho et al [2013] reported that cinnamon had a promising therapeutic influence on neurodegenerative diseases, and Cin had the highest antineuroinflammatory property among various examined compounds. The above studies totally proved the regenerative impact of Cin and the increasing functional recovery in CNS injury [Pyo et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2016;Fu et al, 2017;Roghani et al, 2017]. Cin has been shown to be a natural antiinflammatory and antioxidant agent that may be advantageous in protecting neurons against Alzheimer and Parkinson disease [Peterson et al, 2009;Roghani et al, 2017].…”

trans‐Cinnamaldehyde Reverses Depressive‐Like Behaviors in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rats by Inhibiting NF‐κB/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway

“…TCA is an effective treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, such as cerebral ischemic injury [21]. In addition, TCA inhibits the microglial activation and improves the neuronal survival against neuroinflammation in BV2 microglial cells with LPS stimulation [20].…”

“…TCA has a certain antineuroinflammatory effect, and its protective effect on dopaminergic neurons may be related to the inhibition of inflammation [19]. TCA inhibits microglia activation and inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [20]. TCA reduces neuroinflammation via inhibiting NF-κB pathway [21].…”

Effects of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Bark Extract on Nociception and Anxiety Like Behavior in Mice

“…In one study, 2'-hydroxy cinnamaldehyde derived from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia has been found to inhibit the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor (NF) -kB and production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation models [17]. A recent study has shown that trans-cinnamaldehyde obtained from Cinnamomum cassia bark suppressed activation of microglia and the neuroinflammatory process by inhibiting the production of NO and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) [18]. Furthermore, administration of ethanol extract of CZ has been found to inhibit the intracellular release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and TNF-α gene expression, suggesting its anti-inflammatory property [19].…”