<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection and Headache: A Matched Case-Control Study in a Public Hospital in Durango City, Mexico

Alvarado‐Esquivel, Cosme; Rico-Almochantaf, Yazmin del Rosario; Sánchez‐Anguiano, Luis Francisco; Quiñones-Canales, Gerardo; Hernández‐Tinoco, Jesús; Torres-González, Jorge; Gonzalez-Silva, Maria Felix; Ramírez-Valles, Eda Guadalupe

doi:10.14740/jocmr3236w

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…A study of recurrent headaches in pediatric neurology patients found that 11% were positive for chronic T. gondii infection, and the majority of these patients had headaches most often in the frontal region [ 135 ]. A more recent study found that recurrent headaches were only statistically correlated with T. gondii on the basis of serointensity but were not correlated with seropositivity [ 136 ]. An earlier study found statistical significance between chronic T. gondii infection and migraine, describing 44% of patients experiencing migraine being positive for chronic T. gondii infection versus only 26% in healthy control subjects [ 134 ].…”

Section: Methodology and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological and Neurobehavioral Disorders Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Humans

Virus

Ehrhorn

Lui

et al. 2021

Journal of Parasitology Research

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The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii is estimated to infect up to 30% of the world population, leading to lifelong chronic infection of the brain and muscle tissue. Although most latent T. gondii infections in humans have traditionally been considered asymptomatic, studies in rodents suggest phenotypic neurological changes are possible. Consequently, several studies have examined the link between T. gondii infection and diseases such as schizophrenia, epilepsy, depression, bipolar disorder, dysphoria, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To date, there is varying evidence of the relationship of T. gondii to these human neurological or neurobehavioral disorders. A thorough review of T. gondii literature was conducted to highlight and summarize current findings. We found that schizophrenia was most frequently linked to T. gondii infection, while sleep disruption showed no linkage to T. gondii infection, and other conditions having mixed support for a link to T. gondii. However, infection as a cause of human neurobehavioral disease has yet to be firmly established.

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Section: Methodology and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological and Neurobehavioral Disorders Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Humans

Virus

Ehrhorn

Lui

et al. 2021

Journal of Parasitology Research

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“…In addition, in a study by Koseoglu et al, it was reported that Toxoplasma gondii was associated with migraine and was concluded that this infection may cause a neuroinflammatory process in the brain, thereby triggering migraine [8]. In a study comparing 105 patients with headache and 105 non-headache subjects, it was reported that the case and control group were similar in terms of Toxoplasma seropositivity [15]; however, interestingly, the level of IgG for Toxoplasma gondii was suggested to be associated with headache -even when the patient group included other types of headaches in addition to migraine (39 patients with migraine in the 105 subjects). Since this infection is very prevalent among humans, has a chronic characteristic in an estimated 30% of individuals [16] and the fact that the infection may persist in the brain [17], have supported the rationale of studies aiming to determine a relationship (if any) between headache and Toxoplasma gondii infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between intracellular pathogens Toxoplasma gondii and Borrelia burgdorferi infections and migraine

Yılmaz¹,

Yilmaz²,

Teker³

et al. 2021

j-ebr

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In this study, the serological values of our patients followed up with a diagnosis of migraine were compared with the results of healthy controls in terms of possible association with intracellular pathogens, Toxoplasma gondii and Borrelia burgdorferi. Methods: Fifty patients with migraine, randomly selected among migraine patients without any additional disease, who applied to Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal Training and Research Hospital between January 1, 2015 and August 31, 2019 were included in the study. Fifty subjects without headache were included as control group. The history of infectious diseases of the patient and control groups (Toxoplasma gondii, Borrelia burgdorfericausing Lyme disease) was determined by serological diagnostic methods. Results:The study group consisted of 64 women with a mean age of 45.5±13.1 (15-76) years. Migraine and control groups were found to be similar in terms of age (p=0.059) and gender (p=0.211) distributions. The frequency of Toxoplasma gondii positivity in the migraine group was 28% (n=14) and 10% (n=5) in the control group. The frequency of Lyme was 19.6% (n=11) in the migraine group and 14.3% (n=8) in the control group. The frequency of Toxoplasma gondii positivity was statistically significantly higher in the migraine group (p=0.022), while the frequency of Lyme was found to be similar in the migraine and control groups (p=0.450). Conclusion:The results of our study suggest that there are statistically significant differences between migraine and control groups only in terms of Toxoplasma gondii positivity rates, not Lyme. However, we believe that larger sample studies are needed to determine the detailed relationship between migraine and Toxoplasma gondii infection.

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“…The parasite was also found to be associated with development of a number of other mental health disturbances, such as depression [131], suicide attempts [27,132,133], anxiety disorder [131,134,135], autism [136], schizophrenia [135,137,138], and headaches [139][140][141]. It should be emphasized that several drugs used in treatment of schizophrenia or other neuropsychiatric diseases inhibited replication of T. gondii tachyzoites [142].…”

Section: B Perfectionism In Patients With Some Neuropsychiatric Disor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solving the New Puzzle(s) 2014-2022: Flammer Syndrome Probably Represents a Mild Endophenotype of Raynaud’s Phenomenon Mainly Associated with Ocular Disturbances and Also Due to Latent T. gondii Infection

Prandota¹

2023

J Clin Med Cur Res

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negative effect on quality of life [9]. The study of 334 healthy subjects aged 50 years or elder in Japan showed that proportion of participants with increased sensitivity to cold widely ranged (6.1%-30.8% men, 14.3%-28.3% women) [12].In Eastern Asian populations CHHF occurs in 20%-52% of subjects [13][14][15], and ratio of men to women is 2:3 [16]. In Japan, this condition called "hiesho" is quite common involving over 60% of females, and in the latter stage of pregnancy "hiesho" manifests in about 40% of women, particularly in the advanced maternal age [17,18]. One study comparing Japanese with Brazilians reported that 57% of Brazilian pregnant women were aware of cold sensations [19,20]. CHHF is associated also with RP, gastric disturbances [21], as well as gynecological disorders, such as infertility and dysmenorrhea [22,23]. Nb. T. gondii infection causes ovarian dysfunction and disturbances in sperm motility, viability and concentration values, epididymis weight, and testicle inflammation [24][25][26][27][28].The presence of "hiesho" was found to be risk factor which can also lead to abnormal delivery because of weak labor pains, prolonged labor and atonic bleeding, premature delivery, amnion membrane rupture [17,29,30].In this context, it should be added that traditional Japanese fish dishes sushi and sashimi may, at least in part, play a role in development of these disorders [31], especially that wide distribution of T. gondii amongst sea fish and mammals may affect human health worldwide (e.g. the highest prevalence of the pathogen was found in otter (54.8%), and dolphin, whale and porpoise (30.92%) [32]. B. FS heritability.In Europe, most of FS symptoms appear in puberty and alleviate along with age, in women after menopause begun [33], albeit in the study of 3067 persons aged 65 years or elder 23.6% men and 28.6% women had cold extremities [34]. Importantly, parents of FS subjects also had similar symptoms which may suggest a heritability of this clinical entity [3,4]. Moreover, Konieczka & Erb [4] noted that there is a relationship between FS and RP, and suggested a genetic background of RP [35][36][37][38], but they believed that additional factor(s) may also play a role [4,35]. Nb. genetic factors appeared to be important in the development of RP as has been demonstrated in one familial and twin study [39]. FS often occurs in individuals who are slender, have a low blood pressure, are active, but also have unusually cold extremities, increased pain sensitivity, altered circadian rhythm, and prolonged falling asleep time [40,41]. C. Pathophysiological changes in FS.Individuals with FS have the autonomic nervous system imbalance with sympathetic predominance [4,42], lymphocytes and leukocytes in the eye have altered gene expression, and activated astrocytes in the retina also change their gene expression and morphology [2,[43][44][45], slightly increased plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels, and increased systemic oxidative stress [5,46]. They also have enhanced sensitivity to some drugs, such as for ...

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Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Headache: A Matched Case-Control Study in a Public Hospital in Durango City, Mexico

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Neurological and Neurobehavioral Disorders Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Humans

Neurological and Neurobehavioral Disorders Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Humans

Relationship between intracellular pathogens Toxoplasma gondii and Borrelia burgdorferi infections and migraine

Solving the New Puzzle(s) 2014-2022: Flammer Syndrome Probably Represents a Mild Endophenotype of Raynaud’s Phenomenon Mainly Associated with Ocular Disturbances and Also Due to Latent T. gondii Infection

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