<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>in Ruminant Species (Cattle, Sheep, and Goats) from Southern Spain

García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio; Cabezón, Óscar; Hernández, Esther; Martínez-Cruz, M.S.; Martı́nez-Moreno, A.; Martínez-Moreno, Julio M.

doi:10.1645/12-27.1

Cited by 66 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the current study the prevalence of T. gondii infection in the sheep samples was at 17.90%. T. gondii infections in sheep have been also observed in a number of investigations worldwide (12, 14-16, 18, 20-22, 26-28, 34-37). Considering reproductive losses caused by the parasite, these results imply substantial economic losses to the sheep raising industry worldwide (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The obtained results, showing no or lower T. gondii infections in cattle, are in support of the hypothesis that cattle are not a favoured host for T. gondii, and that human infection is most likely associated with consumption of pig, lamb and goat meat (13, 20, 23-25). However, other studies (26-28) have obtained high levels of T. gondii infection among cattle thereby contradicting the hypothesis. Variations in the levels of infection with T. gondii among cattle in the different studies could probably reflect differences in exposure rates to the parasite, which is attributable to the contamination rate of the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Toxoplasma gondii in Cattle, Camels and Sheep in Isfahan and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary Provinces, Iran

Khamesipour

Doosti

Mobarakeh

et al. 2014

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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BackgroundToxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite, which is assumed to have cosmopolitan distribution.ObjectivesAdopting a cross-sectional study design the current research aimed to determine the occurrence of the parasite in cattle, camels and sheep in Isfahan and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary provinces of Iran.Materials and MethodsAnimals in the field and those brought for slaughter at abattoirs were included. Blood samples were randomly collected from animals and investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsT. gondii infections were detected in 0.00%, 6.60% and 17.9% of the sample cattle (n = 155), camels (n = 122) and sheep (n = 95) respectively. Sheep were more frequently affected in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary (33.33%) compared to Isfahan (8.47%) (P = 0.005, 95%; CI = 6.88-43.35). No statistically significant difference was observed in infection prevalence between camels and sheep; and between the different sex categories in both camels and sheep.ConclusionsEvidence of T. gondii occurrence in sheep and camels was provided in the provinces under study. There is a need to investigate the potential risk factors of zoonotic infections. Furthermore, animal health and production losses caused by the parasite; and associated zoonotic implications in the area under study need to be explored.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Toxoplasma gondii in Cattle, Camels and Sheep in Isfahan and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary Provinces, Iran

Khamesipour

Doosti

Mobarakeh

et al. 2014

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…An increased risk of T. gondii infection in all-purpose compared to dairy goats may be expected and has often been reported (García-Bocanegra et al, 2013;Santos et al, 2012;Zewdu et al, 2013). Allpurpose animals tend to be kept in small household farms where zoohygienic vigilance is generally lower than on farms that exclusively rear dairy goats since the latter are generally commercially oriented, larger and run with higher vigilance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats in Serbia

et al. 2014

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Abstract.A major risk factor for Toxoplasma gondii infection is consumption of undercooked meat. Increasing demand for goat meat is likely to promote the role of this animal for human toxoplasmosis. As there are virtually no data on toxoplasmosis in goats in Serbia, we undertook a cross-sectional serological study, including prediction modelling using geographical information systems (GIS). Sera from 431 goats reared in 143 households/farms throughout Serbia, sampled between January 2010 and September 2011, were examined for T. gondii antibodies by a modified agglutination test. Seroprevalence was 73.3% at the individual level and 84.6% at the farm level. Risk factor analysis showed above two-fold higher risk of infection for goats used for all purposes compared to dairy goats (P = 0.012), almost seven-fold higher risk for goats kept as sole species versus those kept with other animals (P = 0.001) and a two-fold lower risk for goats introduced from outside the farm compared to those raised on the farm (P = 0.027). Moreover, households/farms located in centre-eastern Serbia were found to be less often infected than those in northern Serbia (P = 0.004). The risk factor analysis was fully supported by spatial analysis based on a GIS database containing data on origin, serology, land cover, elevation, meteorology and a spatial prediction map based on kriging analysis, which showed western Serbia as the area most likely for finding goats positive for T. gondii and centre-eastern Serbia as the least likely. In addition, rainfall favoured seropositivity, whereas temperature, humidity and elevation did not.

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“…Sera showing an agglutination titer of 1/20 or higher were considered positive and were end-titrated using 2-fold dilutions. The choice of this threshold value was a slight modification of a method previously described [16], to satisfy laboratory requirements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serological screening in goats in Europe showed prevalence values of 15.2% [15] and 25.1% [16], further supporting the likelihood of infection by milk ingestion from this species. The epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in goats has not been exhaustively studied in Italy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence, Detection of DNA in Blood and Milk, and Genotyping ofToxoplasma gondiiin a Goat Population in Italy

Mancianti

Nardoni

D’Ascenzi

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of a major zoonosis with cosmopolitan distribution and is known to be transmitted mainly by the ingestion of undercooked or raw animal products. Drinking unpasteurized goat's milk is a risk factor associated with human toxoplasmosis. However, very little is known about the excretion of DNA in goat milk. Aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection using a modified agglutination test (MAT), to detect T. gondii DNA by nested-PCR (n-PCR) in samples of blood and milk from seropositive goats, and to genotype DNA isolates using 11 molecular markers in 127 adult lactating goats from 6 farms in Italy. Positive MAT results were found in 60.6% of goats while 13% of blood and milk samples from seropositive goats were positive to n-PCR. A kappa coefficient of 1 indicated a perfect agreement between blood and milk n-PCR. Genetic characterization of isolates revealed the occurrence of genotype III (n = 7), genotype I (n = 1), and atypical genotypes with hints for genotype I (n = 2). Our results suggest that the risk of excretion of Toxoplasma tachyzoites might frequently occur in milk of seropositive goats testing positive to n-PCR on blood.

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Toxoplasma gondiiin Ruminant Species (Cattle, Sheep, and Goats) from Southern Spain

Cited by 66 publications

References 14 publications

Toxoplasma gondii in Cattle, Camels and Sheep in Isfahan and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary Provinces, Iran

Toxoplasma gondii in Cattle, Camels and Sheep in Isfahan and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary Provinces, Iran

Spatial epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats in Serbia

Seroprevalence, Detection of DNA in Blood and Milk, and Genotyping ofToxoplasma gondiiin a Goat Population in Italy

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