“…ToBRFV infects tomato as the primary host and considered the most serious threat to tomato production in the world. Recently, virus has caused devastating disease outbreaks in tomato production areas in many countries, resulting in a severe reduction in yield (Avni et al, 2021;EPPO, 2020;Jones, 2021;Oladokun et al, 2019). ToBRV is transmitted by mechanical contact, propagation material, plant debris, contaminated soil, growing media, circular water, workers farming activities and tools (Oladokun et al, 2019).…”