I thought we were vibin’: A qualitative exploration of sexual agency and consent in young people

Abstract

While there is much attention paid to the connection between social boundaries and consent, the relationship between consent literacy and sexual agency has not yet been explored. This qualitative analysis, which is part of a larger mixed-methods study, sought to explore the relationship between consent literacy and sexual agency in young people. Participants ( n = 18) were recruited from nonprofit organizations and were asked to complete a 30–40 minutes semi-structured interview and two questionnaires. Through our grounded theory approach to the analysis of the interviews, we identified three overarching themes and several sub-themes. The main themes were as follows: (1) Young people develop a broad understanding of sexual agency and consent through various social and environmental influences; (2) Most of consent is conceptualized through non-verbal cues (“vibes”), prior communication, and past experience with the person; (3) There are notable differences in demonstrable sexual agency between males and females and non-binary individuals, and between individuals participating in heterosexual versus queer sex acts in establishing and negotiating consent. These results provide preliminary evidence that sexual agency and consent literacy share similarities as they are being used in practice during sexual interactions. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of how these constructs are related in order to improve levels of consent literacy.

Sexual Scripts and Sexual Consent: Gender Stereotypes, Music-Media Messages, and Sexual Consent Expectancies Among College Men and Women

“…For women with strong stereotypical gender role beliefs, acquiescence to sexual advances is expected; refusal of sex is contrary to the heterosexual script (Conroy et al, 2015; Joskowski et al, 2017). Similarly, seeking sexual consent requires sexual agency and assertiveness that falls outside the heterosexual sexual script (Moore & Reynolds, 2016; Schobert et al, 2021).…”

Young Adults’ Understanding of Sexual Competence: A Qualitative Study with German University Students

“…Recent definitions also include making informed and ethical choices for themselves and accepting responsibility for those choices. Qualitative evidence showed that developing the ability to negotiate consent was seen by young people as a critical component of sexual agency (Schobert et al, 2021).…”

“…However, female and male participants with various sexual identities and sexual experience backgrounds were included in this study to achieve diversity in the mental representation of sexual competence. LGBTQI+ individuals may differ in their understanding of sexual competence from heterosexual individuals, as suggested by a small-scale qualitative study by Schobert et al (2021). To identify differences and overlap, future research should study the understanding of sexual competence in larger samples of sexual-minority participants.…”