<i>Thekopsora</i>and<i>Chrysomyxa</i>cone rusts damage Norway spruce cones after a good cone crop in Finland

Kaitera, Juha

doi:10.1080/02827581.2012.727024

Cited by 17 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This suggests that the effect of C. ledi on seed development is minimal or nonexistent. This is to be expected because the rust fruits and sporulates on individual cone scales rather than colonizing the entire cone (Kaitera et al 2010;Kaitera 2013). Based on these results, we conclude that the quality of the Norway spruce seed crop could be improved if older infected cones were also removed during the cone harvest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Germination capacity ofThekopsora areolataaeciospores and the effect of cone rusts on seeds ofPicea abies

Kaitera¹,

Tillman-Sutela²

2013

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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Mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) cones of different ages and colonized by Thekopsora areolata were collected in northern Finland 2009-2010. The germination capacity of aeciospores collected from intact aecia was measured on water agar and compared across cone age. Seed formation was investigated in healthy cones and those infected by T. areolata, Chrysomyxa pirolata, Chrysomyxa ledi, and seed germination was also measured for healthy cones and those infected by T. areolata. Unsporulated aecia of T. areolata occurred in 0-to 4-year-old cones. Aeciospores from current-year cones did not germinate and the germination capacity was significantly higher in one-to three-year-old cones than in older or current-year cones. However, a small number of aeciospores remained viable in four-year-old cones. Seed number and apparent health were significantly lower in cones infected by T. areolata and C. pirolata than in healthy cones or cones infected by C. ledi. Seed germination was significantly lower in cones infected with T. areolata compared to seeds from healthy cones. Our results suggest that infected cones more than one-year old continue to spread T. areolata for several years after the initial infection and fruiting, and thus promote the likelihood of epidemics and virulence of local outbreaks. Although cones infected by T. areolata and C. pirolata form significantly fewer seeds and of diminished viability, C. ledi does not appear to affect seed formation and health in Norway spruce. We recommend all rust-infected cones to be removed from orchards to improve stand health, reduce the risk of local outbreaks, and thereby increase the production and quality of Norway spruce seed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Germination capacity ofThekopsora areolataaeciospores and the effect of cone rusts on seeds ofPicea abies

Kaitera¹,

Tillman-Sutela²

2013

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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“…Earlier, C. pirolata has been noticed to destroy occasionally Norway spruce cones locally in Finland (Rummukainen, 1960), but such damage to cones of P. abies was low after the last rust epidemic in 2006 (Kaitera, 2013;Kaitera et al, 2009a,b). Earlier, C. pirolata has been noticed to destroy occasionally Norway spruce cones locally in Finland (Rummukainen, 1960), but such damage to cones of P. abies was low after the last rust epidemic in 2006 (Kaitera, 2013;Kaitera et al, 2009a,b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and C. pirolata spreads via Pyrola, Moneses and Orthilia (Gäumann, 1959;Savile, 1950;Ziller, 1974). In 2006, T. areolata was the most significant cone rust in seed orchards of P. abies, while C. pirolata caused only sporadic damage to cones of Picea (Kaitera, 2013;Kaitera, Tillman-Sutela, & Kauppi, 2009b). In 2006, T. areolata was the most significant cone rust in seed orchards of P. abies, while C. pirolata caused only sporadic damage to cones of Picea (Kaitera, 2013;Kaitera, Tillman-Sutela, & Kauppi, 2009b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Picea hosts for Chrysomyxa ledi and Thekopsora areolata

2017

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A severe epidemic of Chrysomyxa ledi needle rust occurred over large areas in northern Finland in 2015. In late summer, young current-year cones and needles of 7-8 Picea species were sampled in a northern botanical garden, and the frequencies of cone rusts, Thekopsora areolata, Chrysomyxa pirolata and C. ledi, were investigated in cones, and C. ledi was investigated in needles. In addition, the frequency of C. ledi was estimated visually in current-year needles of ca. 400 trees of 17 species and varieties of Picea in the garden. Chrysomyxa pirolata was absent in cones of all Picea. No cone rusts were observed in cones of P. rubens and Picea mariana. Aecia of Thekopsora areolata occurred moderately in cones of P. abies (26% of cones) and rarely in P. engelmannii (3%) and P. omorika (6%). Chrysomyxa ledi was the most frequent rust in cones; aecia occurred abundantly in cones of P. abies (100%), P. engelmannii (69%), P. glauca (45%) and P. omorika (41%), and occasionally on P. pungens (13%). Thekopsora areolata from cones of the three Picea species showed 100% similarity in ITS2 sequence to one another and to samples in the GenBank. Samples of Chrysomyxa from needles and cones of Picea and leaves of Ledum palustre had ITS2 sequences 99.9%-100% similar to one another and 99.8%-100% similar to the closest sequence of C. ledi and C. rhododendri in the GenBank. Thekopsora areolata was recorded for the first time in cones of P. omorika and C. ledi in cones of P. engelmannii and P. pungens. In current-year needles of Picea, C. ledi was abundant on P. abies, P. obovata, P. engelmannii, P. jezoensis, P. glauca and P. sitchensis, the rust was scarce on P. asperata var. nobilis, P. mariana, P. pungens and P. omorika, and the rust was absent on P. glehnii and P. rubens.

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“…Suomessa kuusen siementuotannossa merkittävim-mät sienitautien aiheuttamat taloudelliset tappiot aiheutuvat ruostesienistä (Kaitera 2013). Ruostesienet tarttuvat itiöiden välityksellä metsäkuuseen kukinnan aikana ja siementen kehitys häiriintyy.…”

Section: Puussa Tarttuvat Taudinaiheuttajatunclassified

“…Kuusensuopursuruoste (C. ledi) itiöi myös kuusen käpysuomuilla, mutta vaikutukset siementuotantoon ovat yleensä vähäiset (Kaitera 2013). Samoin taimitarhalla tauteja aiheuttava Sirococcus conigenus (ks.…”

Section: Puussa Tarttuvat Taudinaiheuttajatunclassified