<i>The Histopathology of Rectosigmoid Biopsies from Adults with Bloody Diarrhea Due to Verotoxin-Producing</i> Escherichia coli

Kelly, James K.; Pai, Chik Hyun; Jadusingh, Inderman H.; Macinnis, Maria L.; Shaffer, Eldon A.; Hershfield, Noel B.

doi:10.1093/ajcp/88.1.78

Cited by 53 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…We confirmed these findings and have found that STEC also induces neutrophil transmigration and IL-8 secretion, a finding which is consistent with histopathogical studies of STEC-infected patients (18,23,24,42). Interestingly, the ability to induce neutrophil transmigration varies considerably among different STEC strains.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Shiga Toxin Translocation across Intestinal Epithelial Cells Is Enhanced by Neutrophil Transmigration

2001

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…(47). In addition, histological studies of gastrointestinal tissue of patients infected with STEC show neutrophil infiltration in the lamina propria and crypts (18,23,24,42). High IL-8 levels have been noted in HUS patients, and it was suggested that IL-8 expression was, at least in part, responsible for neutrophil recruitment in the disease (13,14,15,32,50).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shiga Toxin Translocation across Intestinal Epithelial Cells Is Enhanced by Neutrophil Transmigration

2001

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“…In some individuals, long ulcer-like lesions were also noted on the surface of the tissue. Patchy and less severe areas of inflammatory damage were observed in the transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon, consistent with descriptions from sigmoidoscopy examinations (44,45).…”

Section: Biopsies From Infected Individuals Intestinal Damagesupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Small fibrin/platelet thrombi formed within the mucosal capillaries. It is interesting to note that adherent bacteria were not observed in the tissue sections, despite the samples being collected during the acute phase of the disease and only a few days after the onset of bloody diarrhea (42,44). These findings indicate that during EHEC infection the integrity of the epithelial barrier is compromised; whether this occurs due to the direct action of the bacterium or Stx or due to the resulting host response to infection is not clear.…”

Section: Biopsies From Infected Individuals Intestinal Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models of EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliInfection

Ritchie

2014

Microbiol Spectr

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The first major outbreaks caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) raised public and medical awareness of the risks associated with acquiring this potentially deadly infection. The widespread presence of these organisms in the environment, the severity of the clinical sequelae, and the lack of treatment options and effective preventive measures demand that we obtain a better understanding of how this group of organisms cause disease. Animal models allow study of the processes and factors that contribute to disease and, as such, form a valuable tool in the repertoire of infectious disease researchers. Yet despite more than 30 years of research, it seems that no single model host reproduces the full spectrum of clinical disease induced by EHEC in humans. In the first part of this review, a synopsis of what is known about EHEC infections is garnered from human outbreaks and biopsy specimens. The main features and limitations of EHEC infection models that are based on the three most commonly used species (pigs, rabbits, and mice) are described within a historical context. Recent advances are highlighted, and a brief overview of models based on other species is given. Finally, the impact of the host on moderating EHEC infection is considered in light of growing evidence for the need to consider the biology and virulence strategies of EHEC in the context of its niche within the intestine.

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“…(53). Colonic biopsies from patients infected with EHEC reveal neutrophil infiltration in the lamina propria and crypts (21,29,30). It is not known whether the host inflammatory response contributes to EHEC-related disease, but studies from an animal model suggest that this may be the case (13).…”

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Critical Roles for stx ₂ , eae , and tir in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli -Induced Diarrhea and Intestinal Inflammation in Infant Rabbits

et al. 2003

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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a group of food-borne pathogens that can cause diarrhea, colitis, and the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The importance of several of the proposed EHEC virulence factors lacks experimental verification in animal models. The limitations of current animal models led us to reexamine the infant rabbit model for the study of EHEC pathogenicity. Here, we report that intragastric inoculation of a Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2)-producing E. coli O157:H7 clinical isolate into infant rabbits led to severe diarrhea and intestinal inflammation but no signs of HUS. We constructed a set of isogenic derivatives of this isolate with deletions in several putative virulence genes, including stx 2 , eae, tir, and ehxA, to investigate the contribution of individual virulence factors to EHEC pathogenicity. stx 2 increased the severity and duration of EHEC-induced diarrhea. Furthermore, although stx 2 had no role in EHEC intestinal colonization nor was it required for EHEC-induced inflammation, stx 2 altered how the host responded to EHEC infection by promoting heterophilic infiltration of the colonic epithelium and lamina propria. Intragastric inoculation of purified Stx2 also induced inflammation and diarrhea in this model. Diarrhea and intestinal inflammation were also dependent on EHEC colonization, as EHEC derivatives with deletions in eae and tir did not colonize, form attaching and effacing lesions, or develop clinical signs of disease. Our studies indicate that infant rabbits are a useful model for investigation of the intestinal stage of EHEC pathogenesis and suggest that Shiga toxin may play a critical role in causing diarrhea and inflammation in patients infected with EHEC.

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The Histopathology of Rectosigmoid Biopsies from Adults with Bloody Diarrhea Due to Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli

Cited by 53 publications

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Shiga Toxin Translocation across Intestinal Epithelial Cells Is Enhanced by Neutrophil Transmigration

Shiga Toxin Translocation across Intestinal Epithelial Cells Is Enhanced by Neutrophil Transmigration

Animal Models of EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliInfection

Critical Roles for stx ₂ , eae , and tir in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli -Induced Diarrhea and Intestinal Inflammation in Infant Rabbits

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The Histopathology of Rectosigmoid Biopsies from Adults with Bloody Diarrhea Due to Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Shiga Toxin Translocation across Intestinal Epithelial Cells Is Enhanced by Neutrophil Transmigration

Shiga Toxin Translocation across Intestinal Epithelial Cells Is Enhanced by Neutrophil Transmigration

Animal Models of EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliInfection

Critical Roles for stx 2 , eae , and tir in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli -Induced Diarrhea and Intestinal Inflammation in Infant Rabbits

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Critical Roles for stx ₂ , eae , and tir in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli -Induced Diarrhea and Intestinal Inflammation in Infant Rabbits