<i>Tensile and Compressive Strength of Human Parietal Bone</i>

Evans, F. Gaynor; Lissner, H. R.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1957.10.3.493

Cited by 67 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…At the least, the question of material orientation in the browridge region must be resolved before the accuracy of the measurements reported earlier can be determined. Results from Evans and Lissner (1957) exhibited a similar problem. They measured ultimate compressive stresses in small specimens of embalmed parietal bone in two fixed orientations relative to the sagittal suture.…”

Section: Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Material properties of the inner and outer cortical tables of the human parietal bone

Peterson¹,

Dechow²

2002

Anat. Rec.

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Even though the cranial vault functions as protection for the brain and as a support structure for facial and masticatory functions, little is known about its mechanical properties or their variations. The cranial vault bone is interesting because of its maintenance in spite of low functional strains, and because calvarial bone cells are often used in cell culture studies. We measured thickness, density, and ash weight, and ultrasonically determined elastic properties throughout the cortices of 10 human parietal bones. The results are unique for studies of the cranial vault because: 1) measurements focused specifically on the cortical components, 2) the orientations of the axes of maximum stiffness were determined before measurement of elastic properties, and 3) two related measurements (bone density and percent ash weight) were compared. Results showed that the periosteal cortical plate (outer table) and the endosteal cortical plate (inner table) had significant differences in material properties. The outer table was on average thicker, denser, and stiffer than the inner table, which had a higher ash weight percentage. Within each table there were significant differences in thicknesses, ash weight percentages, and E 2 /E 3 anisotropies among sites. Few sites on either table had significant orientations of the axes of maximum stiffness. Despite this apparent randomness in orientation, almost all sites exhibited anisotropies equivalent to other parts of the skeleton. Anat Rec 268:7-15, 2002.

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Section: Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Several studies (Evans and Lissner, 1957;McElhaney et al, 1970;Evans, 1973) have described mechanical characteristics of the cranial vault bone. These studies focused on mechanical tests of structural features by using specimens that included both cortical tables and the diploë.…”

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confidence: 99%

Material properties of the inner and outer cortical tables of the human parietal bone

Peterson¹,

Dechow²

2002

Anat. Rec.

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“…However, corresponding studies into human cranial bone, which has been tested in compression, tension and bending (Evans and Lissner, 1957;McElhaney et al, 1970;Wood, 1971;Hubbard, 1971;McPherson and Kriewall, 1980;Margulies and Thibault, 2000;Delille et al, 2003Delille et al, , 2007Jans, 2003;Coats and Margulies, 2006) vary significantly. The majority of these studies concentrate on fetal cranial bone at quasi-static testing speeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanical properties of cranial bone: The effect of loading rate and cranial sampling position

Motherway

Verschueren

Perre

et al. 2009

Journal of Biomechanics

159

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Linear and depressed skull fractures are frequent mechanisms of head injury and are often associated with traumatic brain injury. Accurate knowledge of the fracture of cranial bone can provide insight into the prevention of skull fracture injuries and help aid the design of energy absorbing head protection systems and safety helmets. Cranial bone is a complex material comprising of a three-layered structure: external layers consist of compact, high-density cortical bone and the central layer consists of a low-density, irregularly porous bone structure.In this study, cranial bone specimens were extracted from 8 fresh-frozen cadavers (F=4, M=4; 81±11 yrs old). 63 specimens were obtained from the parietal and frontal cranial bones. Prior to testing, all specimens were scanned using a µCT scanner at a resolution of 56.9µm. The specimens were tested in a three-point bend set-up at different dynamic speeds (0.5, 1 and 2.5 m/s). The associated mechanical properties that were calculated for each specimen include the 2 nd moment of inertia, the sectional elastic modulus, the maximum force at failure, the energy absorbed until failure and the maximum bending stress. Additionally, the morphological parameters of each specimen and their correlation with the resulting mechanical parameters were examined.It was found that testing speed, strain rate, cranial sampling position and intercranial variation all have a significant effect on some or all of the computed mechanical parameters. A modest correlation was also found between percent bone volume and both the elastic modulus and the maximum bending stress.

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“…Despite the limitations of a two dimensional (2D) analysis this approach has been extensively used for simulation of machining for decades, in the field of metal and composite cutting. Simulation of orthogonal cutting has allowed the development of efficient models, with low computational cost, able to predict variables related to interface contact or surface integrity, see for instance recent works by the authors Tai et al (2013);Wood (1971);Cezayirlioglu et al (1985); Davy and Connolly (1982); Evans and Lissner (1957);McElhaney et al (1970); Voor et al (1997); Johnson and Rapoff (2007); Kasiri et al (2010); Martin and Boardman (1993); Li et al (2013b); Pithioux et al (2002); Katz et al (1984); Li et al (2014).…”

Section: Orthogonal Cuttingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elastic isotropy was used to represent human skull cortical bone (also in the outer cortical layer in the direction normal to the surface). The properties characterizing the bilinear elastic-plastic material behaviour were obtained from previous works in the literature (Reilly and Burstein, 1975;Wood, 1971, Cezayirlioglu et al, 1985Davy and Connolly, 1982;Evans and Lissner, 1957;McElhaney et al, 1970) and they are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Fe Assuming Isotropic Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%