<i>Tanispermum</i>, a new genus of hemi‐orthotropous to hemi‐anatropous angiosperm seeds from the Early Cretaceous of eastern North America

Friis, Else Marie; Crane, Peter R.; Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard

doi:10.1002/ajb2.1124

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Mesofossils were extracted from samples collected from all four localities by washing and panning over a 125 µm sieve in water, and were then cleaned of adhering mineral matrix with HF, HCl and water following standard methods (see Friis et al 2011Friis et al , 2018b. Specimens were mounted on brass or aluminum stubs with nail polish for synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiparted, apocarpous flowers from the Early Cretaceous of eastern North America and Portugal

Friis¹,

Crane²,

Pedersen³

2020

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Three new genera, Atlantocarpus, Lambertiflora and Mugideiriflora, are described from the Early Cretaceous of North America and Portugal based on floral structures with multicarpellate and apocarpous gynoecia that have been studied using scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy. Lambertiflora and Mugideiriflora have numerous perianth parts in several series, as well as many stamens and many carpels borne on a short conical receptacle. Atlantocarpus has many carpels arranged spirally on an elongated receptacle. Perianth and stamens are not preserved in Atlantocarpus, but scars of two sizes at the base of the receptacle indicate the presence of several series of tepals and stamens. Phylogenetic assessment of the three new genera indicates close relationships with members of extant Austrobaileyales, which is also favoured by the apparently ascidiate carpels of Atlantocarpus. However, the phylogenetic signal is not strong and the fossils also share many features with magnoliid angiosperms. Fully secure resolution of their relationships is hampered by lack of information of critical floral features in the fossil material, the constellation of likely plesiomorphic characters that they exhibit, and inadequate knowledge of character homologies and character evolution among extant taxa. There is also the broader concern about whether phylogenetic patterns can be reliably inferred for the earliest phases of angiosperm evolution based solely on a depauperate assemblage of extant taxa given extensive extinction over the last 100 million years. The new genera add to growing evidence of diverse extinct angiosperms with multiparted flowers during the Early Cretaceous that have a variety of relationships to extant ANA-grade angiosperms and magnoliids.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiparted, apocarpous flowers from the Early Cretaceous of eastern North America and Portugal

Friis¹,

Crane²,

Pedersen³

2020

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“…Although many angiosperm taxa from these floras have already been described and formally named (e.g. Friis et al 1994a, 1995, 1997, 2018a, c, d, von Balthazar et al 2007, most remain undescribed.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Early Cretaceous Meso-and Microfossil Florasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora of Torres Vedras (Ne of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis of an Early Angiosperm Community

2019

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Abstract An Early Cretaceous mesofossil flora is described from the lower part of the Almargem Formation (late Barremian-early Aptian) from Torres Vedras (NE of Forte da Forca), Portugal. The flora is the oldest mesofossil flora containing angiosperm remains to be described in detail based on well-preserved flower, fruit and seed remains. In addition to angiosperms, the mesofossil flora also includes megaspores, sporangia and tiny leaves of spore-bearing plants. There are also twigs, cone fragments and seeds of conifers and seeds assigned to the BEG group. In total about 100 species have been distinguished. Most abundant in terms of plant fragments identified, are spore-bearing plants and conifers. Although only about 18 % of the specimens can be attributed to angiosperms, angiosperm diversity is unexpected high considering the age of the flora. Angiosperms account for about 62 % of all species recognized. Angiosperm diversity is mainly at the level of ANA-grade angiosperms, eumagnoliids and in a few cases early diverging lineages of monocots. Eudicots are subordinate. Twenty new genera and 28 new species of angiosperms are established (Anaspermum operculatum gen. et sp. nov., Appofructus nudus gen. et sp. nov., Appomattoxia minuta sp. nov., Burgeria striata gen. et sp. nov., Canrightia elongata sp. nov., Choffaticarpus compactus gen. et sp. nov., Dejaxia brevicolpites gen. et sp. nov., Dinisia portugallica gen. et sp. nov., Eckhartia brevicolumella gen. et sp. nov., Eckhartia longicolumella sp. nov., Eckhartia intermedia sp. nov., Eckhartianthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov., Eckhartiopsis parva gen. et sp. nov., Gastonispermum antiquum sp. nov., Goczania rugosa gen. et sp. nov., Goczania inaequalis sp. nov., Goczania punctata sp. nov., Ibrahimia verminculata gen. et sp. nov., Juhaszia portugallica gen. et sp. nov., Kempia longicolpites gen. et sp. nov., Kvacekispermum costatum sp. nov., Mcdougallia irregularis gen. et sp. nov., Nicholsia brevicolpites gen. et sp. nov., Piercipollis simplex gen. et sp. nov., Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov., Samylinaea punctata gen. et sp. nov., Teebacia hughesii gen. et sp. nov., Vedresia elliptica gen. et sp. nov.). Comparison with results of a palynological study from the same horizon that yielded the mesofossil flora shows a marked underestimation of angiosperm diversity in the palynoflora, a pattern that has also been recognized elsewhere.

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“…The diversity of extinct higher clades (family level and above) of angiosperms is poorly understood. Reports of fossils with unknown familial and/or ordinal affinities are relatively limited (see Friis et al, 2011Friis et al, , 2018Friis et al, , 2019Manchester et al, 2018 for examples), and such fossils that are described are rarely integrated in phylogenetic analyses (Sauquet and Magallón, 2018; but see Atkinson, 2018;Friis et al, 2019;Doyle and Endress, 2024). While Early Cretaceous mesofossil floras indicate that the initial radiation of angiosperms resulted in the evolution of extant and extinct higher clades (e.g., Friis et al, 2019), few extinct higher clades of angiosperms (that are not monotypic) have been identified from Late Cretaceous floras, which obscures angiosperm turnover in deep time and the concomitant macroevolutionary process and patterns that have shaped the diversity of flowering plants seen today (Thompson and Ramírez-Barahona, 2023).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cretaceous and Paleocene fossils reveal an extinct higher clade within Cornales, the dogwood order

Nguyen,

Atkinson

2024

American J of Botany

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PremiseCharacterization and phylogenetic integration of fossil angiosperms with uncertain affinities is relatively limited, which may obscure the diversity of extinct higher taxa in the flowering plant tree of life. The order Cornales contains a diversity of extinct taxa with uncertain familial affinities that make it an ideal group for studying turnover in angiosperms. Here, we describe a new extinct genus of Cornales unassignable to an extant family and conduct a series of phylogenetic analyses to reconstruct relationships of fossils across the order.MethodsTwo permineralized endocarps were collected from the Cedar District Formation (Campanian, 82–80 Ma) of Sucia Island, State of Washington, United States. Fossils were sectioned with the cellulose acetate peel technique and incorporated into a morphological dataset. To assess the utility of this dataset to accurately place taxa in their respective clades, we used a series of phylogenetic pseudofossilization analyses. We then conducted a total‐evidence analysis and a scaffold‐based approach to determine relationships of fossils.ResultsBased on their unique combination of characters, the fossils represent a new genus, Fenestracarpa washingtonensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. Pseudofossilization analyses indicate that our morphological dataset can be used to accurately recover taxa at the major clade to family level, generally with moderate to high support. The total‐evidence and scaffold‐based analyses recovered Fenestracarpa and other fossil genera in an entirely extinct clade within Cornales.ConclusionsOur findings increase the reported diversity of extinct Cornales and indicate that the order's initial radiation likely included the divergence of an extinct higher clade that endured the end‐Cretaceous Mass extinction but perished during the Cenozoic.

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Tanispermum, a new genus of hemi‐orthotropous to hemi‐anatropous angiosperm seeds from the Early Cretaceous of eastern North America

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Multiparted, apocarpous flowers from the Early Cretaceous of eastern North America and Portugal

Multiparted, apocarpous flowers from the Early Cretaceous of eastern North America and Portugal

The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora of Torres Vedras (Ne of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis of an Early Angiosperm Community

Cretaceous and Paleocene fossils reveal an extinct higher clade within Cornales, the dogwood order

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