Syzygium cumini inhibits adenosine deaminase activity and reduces glucose levels in hyperglycemic patients

Abstract

Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels from the Myrtaceae family is among the most common medicinal plants used to treat diabetes in Brazil. Leaves, fruits, and barks of S. cumini have been used for their hypoglycemic activity. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an important enzyme that plays a relevant role in purine and DNA metabolism, immune responses, and peptidase activity. ADA is suggested to be an important enzyme for modulating the bioactivity of insulin, but its clinical significance in diabetes mellitus (DM) has not yet been proven. In this study, we examined the effect of aqueous leaf extracts of S. cumini (L.) (ASC) on ADA activity of hyperglycemic subjects and the activity of total ADA, and its isoenzymes in serum and erythrocytes. The present study indicates that: (i) the ADA activity in hyperglycemic serum was higher than normoglycemic serum and ADA activity was higher when the blood glucose level was more elevated; (ii) ASC (60-1000 microg/mL) in vitro caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of total ADA activity and a decrease in the blood glucose level in serum; (iii) ADA1 and 2 were reduced both in erythrocytes and in hyperglycemic serum. These results suggest that the decrease of ADA activity provoked by ASC may contribute to control adenosine levels and the antioxidant defense system of red cells and could be related to the complex ADA/DPP-IV-CD26 and the properties of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors which serve as important regulators of blood glucose.

Assessment of Relative Anti-Diabetic Activity of Seven Extracts of Three Herbs in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats.

“…In various drug treated groups with respect to glucose, a significant decrease was noticed indicating its diabetes ameliorating potential. Although, anti-diabetic effects of SC were reported earlier too but in the present investigation we aimed to reveal the comparison between to different extract and the obtained data were also compared with the anti-diabetic potential o five more extracts of BM and PD [10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…Its anti-diabetic potential along with medicinal properties can be explained by the presence of cyclitol, dulcitol. Octacosanol, β -D-glucoside, kaempferol-3-rhamnoside and other active compounds [12].…”

“…Similarly, a lot herbs also exert antihyperglycemic activity and also known to improve cellular antioxidant potency of the tissues, that protect tissues particularly β-cells which are more susceptible for free radical damage [8,9]. Few reports on the antioxidative and anti-diabetic potential of Pithecellobium dulce (PD) leaves and Butea monosperma (BM) & Syzgium cumini (SC) barks have been documented [9][10][11][12]. But these were observed to be differentially effective depending on extraction solvent systems [13,14].…”

Effect of ethanol extract of Syzygium cumini (L.) pulp on blood pressure and malondyaldehyde level of chronic restraint stress rats

“…Syzygium cumini (L) fruit is a traditional fruit that has been used by people to treat various diseases, such as gastrointestinal disease, hypertension, and diabetes. 8 Recently, this fruit is known to have a fairly high antioxidant content. Inside, there is a natural anthocyanin which plays an important role in the main antioxidant for antioxidant activity in S. cumini (L) fruit.…”

“…It can be made as one of the parameters of stress because it is known to mark the presence of free radicals in the body due to oxidative stress. 6 In addition, other parameter that can be used is the blood pressure. Basically, when there's an increasing oxidative stress in the body, there will be also an increase in renal vasoconstriction resulting in increased blood pressure.…”