<i>Symbiodinium</i> isolation by NaOH treatment

Zamoum, Thamilla; Furla, Paola

doi:10.1242/jeb.074955

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For the assessment of Symbiodinium population densities and chlorophyll a content in hospite , Symbiodinium cells were freshly isolated from coral tissue by NaOH extraction (Zamoum & Furla, 2012). Subsamples of individual coral fragments were incubated in 1M NaOH.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominance of Endozoicomonas bacteria throughout coral bleaching and mortality suggests structural inflexibility of the Pocillopora verrucosa microbiome

Pogoreutz

Rädecker

Cárdenas

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

118

112

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The importance of Symbiodinium algal endosymbionts and a diverse suite of bacteria for coral holobiont health and functioning are widely acknowledged. Yet, we know surprisingly little about microbial community dynamics and the stability of host‐microbe associations under adverse environmental conditions. To gain insight into the stability of coral host‐microbe associations and holobiont structure, we assessed changes in the community structure of Symbiodinium and bacteria associated with the coral Pocillopora verrucosa under excess organic nutrient conditions. Pocillopora‐associated microbial communities were monitored over 14 days in two independent experiments. We assessed the effect of excess dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and excess dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Exposure to excess nutrients rapidly affected coral health, resulting in two distinct stress phenotypes: coral bleaching under excess DOC and severe tissue sloughing (>90% tissue loss resulting in host mortality) under excess DON. These phenotypes were accompanied by structural changes in the Symbiodinium community. In contrast, the associated bacterial community remained remarkably stable and was dominated by two Endozoicomonas phylotypes, comprising on average 90% of 16S rRNA gene sequences. This dominance of Endozoicomonas even under conditions of coral bleaching and mortality suggests the bacterial community of P. verrucosa may be rather inflexible and thereby unable to respond or acclimatize to rapid changes in the environment, contrary to what was previously observed in other corals. In this light, our results suggest that coral holobionts might occupy structural landscapes ranging from a highly flexible to a rather inflexible composition with consequences for their ability to respond to environmental change.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominance of Endozoicomonas bacteria throughout coral bleaching and mortality suggests structural inflexibility of the Pocillopora verrucosa microbiome

Pogoreutz

Rädecker

Cárdenas

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

118

112

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“…For each time point, two tentacles per individual were sampled, dried, and weighed using a precision balance (Precisia, Model 202A, Sweden). Samples were incubated for 90 min in 1 M NaOH solution at 37 °C in a drying chamber (Jouan, EB28, France) to allow animal tissue digestion and Symbiodinium isolation (Zamoum & Furla, ). An aliquot of this homogenate (40 μl) was diluted and used to determine the Symbiodinium cell density using a Neubauer–Hauser haemocytometer (VWR, Fontenay‐sous‐Bois, France) under a light microscope at 90× magnification (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression patterns of sterol transporters NPC1 and NPC2 in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis

Dani

Priouzeau

Mertz

et al. 2017

Cellular Microbiology

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The symbiotic interaction between cnidarians (e.g., corals and sea anemones) and photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium is triggered by both host-symbiont recognition processes and metabolic exchange between the 2 partners. The molecular communication is crucial for homeostatic regulation of the symbiosis, both under normal conditions and during stresses that further lead to symbiosis collapse. It is therefore important to identify and fully characterise the key players of this intimate interaction at the symbiotic interface. In this study, we determined the cellular and subcellular localization and expression of the sterol-trafficking Niemann-Pick type C proteins (NPC1 and NPC2) in the symbiotic sea anemones Anemonia viridis and Aiptasia sp. We first established that NPC1 is localised within vesicles in host tissues and to the symbiosome membranes in several anthozoan species. We demonstrated that the canonical NPC2-a protein is mainly expressed in the epidermis, whereas the NPC2-d protein is closely associated with symbiosome membranes. Furthermore, we showed that the expression of the NPC2-d protein is correlated with symbiont presence in healthy symbiotic specimens. As npc2-d is a cnidarian-specific duplicated gene, we hypothesised that it probably arose from a subfunctionalisation process that might result in a gain of function and symbiosis adaptation in anthozoans. Niemann-Pick type C proteins may be key players in a functional symbiosis and be useful tools to study host-symbiont interactions in the anthozoan-dinoflagellate association.

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“…Intact zooxanthellae were extracted from frozen C. maremetens using a modified methodology from Zamoum & Furla (2012). The modified methodology used 0.5mL 1M NaOH solution per jellyfish sample with the final volume (after incubation) being standardised to 0.5mL.…”

Section: Zooxanthellae Density Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide effects on the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of Cassiopea maremetens

2017

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Herbicides from agricultural run-off have been measured in coastal systems of the Great Barrier Reef over many years. Non-target herbicide exposure, especially photosystem II herbicides has the potential to affect seagrasses and other marine species. The symbiotic benthic jellyfish Cassiopea maremetens is present in tropical/sub-tropical estuarine and marine environments. Jellyfish (n = 8 per treatment) were exposed to four separate concentrations of agricultural formulations of diuron or hexazinone to determine their sensitivity and potential for recovery to pulsed herbicide exposure. Jellyfish growth, symbiont photosynthetic activity and zooxanthellae density were analysed for herbicide-induced changes for 7 days followed by a 7 day recovery period. Both the jellyfish and endosymbiont were more sensitive to diuron than hexazinone. The 7-day EC for jellyfish growth was 0.35 μg L for Diuron and 17.5 μg L for Hexazinone respectively. Diuron exposure caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in jellyfish growth at 0.1 μg L, a level that is below the regional Great Barrier Reef guideline value. Jellyfish recovery was rapid with growth rates similar to control animals following removal from herbicide exposure. Both diuron and hexazinone caused significant decreases in photosynthetic efficiency (effective quantum yield) in all treatment concentrations (0.1 μg L and above) and this effect continued in the post-exposure period. As this species is frequently found in near-shore environments, they may be particularly vulnerable to herbicide run-off.

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Symbiodinium isolation by NaOH treatment

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Dominance of Endozoicomonas bacteria throughout coral bleaching and mortality suggests structural inflexibility of the Pocillopora verrucosa microbiome

Dominance of Endozoicomonas bacteria throughout coral bleaching and mortality suggests structural inflexibility of the Pocillopora verrucosa microbiome

Expression patterns of sterol transporters NPC1 and NPC2 in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis

Herbicide effects on the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of Cassiopea maremetens

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