Surface Science: An Introduction

Distinct termination morphologies for vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests

“…The initial growth rate β, as determined from the exponential fit ( figure 4(b)), decreases with increasing T with a characteristic energy of approximately −200 ± 200 meV. The small magnitude of the characteristic energy and the decreasing rate with temperature suggest that this energy corresponds to desorption (see, for example, Hudson [35]) or detachment of weakly adsorbed carbon-containing molecules. Small activation energies (of the order of meV) are expected for the desorption of physisorbed molecules because their primary interaction is through the weak van der Waals force.…”

Wave Simulation in Frozen Porous Media

“…where r av is the average pore radius, r is the standard deviation, T is the temperature given in Kelvin, and T 0 = 273 K [13,17]. The quantity r 0 = 0.228 nm in the ideal case, but here it is used as a parameter to take into account the salinity content of the pore water.…”

“…The expressions for the density components, given in Appendix A, include the interaction between the grains and the ice, assuming that the grains flow through the ice matrix (described by the tortuosity a 13 ) and the ice flows through the rock frame (described by a 31 ). As is well known, the tortuosity is related to the difference between the microvelocity and macrovelocity fields.…”

“…However, this approximation should be used with caution, and it is convenient in most of the cases to use a 13 and a 31 as free parameters, as well as the friction coefficient b 13 between the solid grains and the ice.…”

Electrochemical and Quantum Chemical Studies of 1, 2, 3-Benzotriazole as Inhibitor for Copper and Steel in Simulated Tap Water

“…A chemisorption is a strong interaction in which the electronic states of the inhibitor molecules hybridize with the metal electron state [43][44][45][46][47][48][49] . The interaction between BTAH and metal surface is associated with the π-electron of BTAH and the d-orbital of metal surface, which could be regarded as the chemisorptions.…”