<i>SUPERMAN</i>
            prevents class B gene expression and promotes stem cell termination in the fourth whorl of
            <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>
            flowers

Prunet, Nathanaël; Yang, Weibing; Das, Pradeep; Meyerowitz, Elliot M.; Jack, Thomas

doi:10.1073/pnas.1705977114

Cited by 80 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…All Arabidopsis thaliana plants used were in the background of the Landsberg erecta (Ler) ecotype, except clf-28, yuc1 (SALK_106293), yuc4 (SALK_047083), and pDR5rev::GFP, which were from the Col-0 background and crossed into Ler at least three times. The sup-1, sup-5, clf-28, wus-1, yuc1, yuc4, pCUC2::3xVENUS-N7, pCLV3::GFP-ER, pSTM::CFP-N7, pSUP-SUP-3xVenusN7, pDR5rev::GFP, pDR5rev::3x-VENUS-N7, pRPS5A::DII-VENUS, and pDR5rev::2xGFP-N7 line were described previously (Bowman et al, 1989(Bowman et al, , 1992Sakai et al, 1995;Laux et al, 1996;Goodrich et al, 1997;Heisler et al, 2005;Cheng et al, 2006;Xu et al, 2006a;Gordon et al, 2007;Doyle & Amasino, 2009;Landrein et al, 2015;Liao et al, 2015;Prunet et al, 2017). Plants were grown at 22°C under 24 h of continuous light.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SUPERMAN regulates floral whorl boundaries through control of auxin biosynthesis

Prunet

Gan

et al. 2018

The EMBO Journal

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Proper floral patterning, including the number and position of floral organs in most plant species, is tightly controlled by the precise regulation of the persistence and size of floral meristems (FMs). In , two known feedback pathways, one composed of WUSCHEL (WUS) and CLAVATA3 (CLV3) and the other composed of AGAMOUS (AG) and WUS, spatially and temporally control floral stem cells, respectively. However, mounting evidence suggests that other factors, including phytohormones, are also involved in floral meristem regulation. Here, we show that the boundary gene () bridges floral organogenesis and floral meristem determinacy in another pathway that involves auxin signaling. SUP interacts with components of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and fine-tunes local auxin signaling by negatively regulating the expression of the auxin biosynthesis genes (). In mutants, derepressed local activity elevates auxin levels at the boundary between whorls 3 and 4, which leads to an increase in the number and the prolonged maintenance of floral stem cells, and consequently an increase in the number of reproductive organs. Our work presents a new floral meristem regulatory mechanism, in which , a boundary gene, coordinates floral organogenesis and floral meristem size through fine-tuning auxin biosynthesis.

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Section: Plant Materials and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SUPERMAN regulates floral whorl boundaries through control of auxin biosynthesis

Prunet

Gan

et al. 2018

The EMBO Journal

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“…However, a recent example of a direct link between these two boundary types has come from study of the SUPERMAN (SUP) zinc finger gene. This is expressed in the crease separating stamen and carpel initiation zones where it may inhibit cell division (Sakai et al, 1995), as well as somehow preventing expression of the stamen identity gene AP3 from occurring in the adjoining carpel zone (Prunet et al, 2017).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and genetic control of the floral ground plan

Smyth

2018

New Phytologist

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Contents Summary70I.Introduction70II.What is the floral ground plan?71III.Diversity and evolution of the floral ground plan72IV.Genetic mechanisms77V.What's next?82Acknowledgements83References83 Summary The floral ground plan is a map of where and when floral organ primordia arise. New results combining the defined phylogeny of flowering plants with extensive character mapping have predicted that the angiosperm ancestor had whorls rather than spirals of floral organs in large numbers, and was bisexual. More confidently, the monocot ancestor likely had three organs in each whorl, whereas the rosid and asterid ancestor (Pentapetalae) had five, with the perianth now divided into sepals and petals. Genetic mechanisms underlying the establishment of the floral ground plan are being deduced using model species, the rosid Arabidopsis, the asterid Antirrhinum, and in grasses such as rice. In this review, evolutionary and genetic conclusions are drawn together, especially considering how known genes may control individual processes in the development and evolution of ground plans. These components include organ phyllotaxis, boundary formation, organ identity, merism (the number or organs per whorl), variation in the form of primordia, organ fusion, intercalary growth, floral symmetry, determinacy and, finally, cases where the distinction between flowers and inflorescences is blurred. It seems likely that new pathways of ground plan evolution, and new signalling mechanisms, will soon be uncovered by integrating morphological and genetic approaches.

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“…For example, SIZF2 controls flower and leaf shape in A. thaliana. SUPERMAN (SUP) determines the boundary between the stamen and carpel whorls, suppresses class B gene expression and promotes stem cell termination in the fourth whorl of A. thaliana flowers [28][29][30]. In this study, 35 C2H2 genes showed no expression in the mutant capitula, which indicated that these C2H2 zinc finger protein genes may have important functions in the determination and growth regulation of pistils or anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation in the ray floret corolla in chrysanthemums.…”

Section: Many Transcription Factors Are Implicated In the Developmentmentioning

confidence: 70%

Pistils may be required for anthocyanin synthesis —— the whole-transcriptome analysis of mutant and normal capitula of Chrysanthemum morifolium

Liu

Luo

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Chrysanthemum morifolium is one of the most economically important and popular floricultural crops in Asteraceae. Chrysanthemums have many different flower colors and shapes. However, the molecular mechanism controlling the development of chrysanthemum floral colors and shapes is still an enigma. We obtained a cut chrysanthemum variety with mutant capitula in which the ray florets became green and the inside pistils became vegetative buds, while normal capitula have many rounds of purple ray florets and few disc florets. Results We conducted whole-transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mutant and normal capitula using third-generation and second-generation sequencing techniques. We identified DEGs between the mutant and normal capitula to reveal important regulators underlying their differential development. Regulatory genes involved in the photoperiod pathway and the control of floral organ identification as well as important functional genes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway were also identified. Therefore, a list of candidate genes for studying flower development and anthocyanin synthesis in chrysanthemums was generated. Qualitative analysis of pigments in the florets of normal and mutant capitula revealed anthocyanins were synthesized and accumulated in the florets of normal capitula, but not in the florets of mutant capitula. It was indicated that pistils may be required for anthocyanin synthesis in chrysanthemums. Conclusions These results will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of floral organ development and will contribute to the development of techniques for studying flower shape and color regulation to promote breeding in chrysanthemum.

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SUPERMAN prevents class B gene expression and promotes stem cell termination in the fourth whorl of Arabidopsis thaliana flowers

Cited by 80 publications

References 36 publications

SUPERMAN regulates floral whorl boundaries through control of auxin biosynthesis

SUPERMAN regulates floral whorl boundaries through control of auxin biosynthesis

Evolution and genetic control of the floral ground plan

Pistils may be required for anthocyanin synthesis —— the whole-transcriptome analysis of mutant and normal capitula of Chrysanthemum morifolium

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