<i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> Hyperinfection

McDonald, Heidi; Moore, Milton R.

doi:10.1056/nejmicm1612018

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In immunosuppressed patients infected with Strongyloides the so-called Strongyloidiasis Hyperinfection Syndrome (SHS) may occur [45]. In that case, immunosuppression leads to accelerated autoinfection with uncontrolled multiplication and possible dissemination of the larvae (disseminated strongyloidiasis, DS) to other organs outside the normal intestinal-pulmonary-lifecycle (e.g., brain, liver, heart).…”

Section: Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma and Other Relevant Helminth Infections in HIV-Positive Individuals—An Overview

et al. 2019

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For many years, researchers have postulated that helminthic infections may increase susceptibility to HIV, and that immune activation may have contributed to the extensive spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. In the meantime, immunological studies have provided some evidence in support of this hypothesis, while cross-sectional clinical studies were able to further support the assumed association between HIV infection and selected helminthic co-infections. However, as many of the helminthic infections relevant to HIV-infected patients belong to the group of “neglected tropical diseases”, as defined by the World Health Organization, a certain lack of attention has inhibited progress in fully scaling up treatment and prevention efforts. In addition, despite the fact that the challenges of co-infections have preoccupied clinicians for over two decades, relevant research questions remain unanswered. The following review aims to provide a concise overview of associations between HIV and selected helminthic co-infections concerning aspects of HIV acquisition and transmission, clinical and immunological findings in co-infected individuals, as well as treatment and prevention efforts.

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Section: Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma and Other Relevant Helminth Infections in HIV-Positive Individuals—An Overview

et al. 2019

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“…Stool analysis performed 1 month after the treatment revealed no more SS larvae or eggs. Hyperinfection due to SS is a well‐documented clinical condition in immunosuppressed patients, and SS can be a potential morbidity/mortality agent due to their ability to cross the intestinal wall leading to septicemia due to bacterial translocation . On the other hand, SS eggs are rarely reported during routine stool analysis because they typically hatch within the wall of the intestine and release rhabditiform larvae.…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloides stercoralis larvae or egg: Which came first?

Poloni

Zanotelli²,

Pedroso

et al. 2019

Transplant Infectious Dis

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Strongyloides stercoralis (SS) hyperinfection is a well-documented condition. However, SS eggs in stool samples are not commonly observed during routine analysis. Here, we report a case on SS hyperinfection where both larvae and eggs were observed in the stool sample of an immunossupressed liver allograft transplanted patient. K E Y W O R D Sliver transplantation, stercoralis hyperinfection, Strongyloides, Strongyloides stercoralis eggs

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“…In immunocompromised individuals, larvae can massively invade the gastrointestinal and pulmonary systems (hyperinfection syndrome) and other organs (disseminated strongyloidiasis). This invasion facilitates the translocation of enterobacteria leading to bacterial sepsis [ 11 ]. Hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated strongyloidiasis are severe conditions with high mortality rates (up to 87%) [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coinfections between Persistent Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases and Viral Infections among Prisoners from Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America

Santos

Wolff

Chappuis

et al. 2018

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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In Swiss prisons, more than 70% of detained people are foreigners and over one-third originate from sub-Saharan Africa or Latin America. These two regions are endemic for various tropical diseases and viral infections, which persist after migration to nonendemic countries. Parasitic infections (schistosomiasis; strongyloidiasis) and cooccurrent viral infections (HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV)) are especially of concern for clinical care but have been neglected in empirical research. These diseases often remain silent for years before causing complications, especially if they occur concomitantly. Our research aimed to study the prevalence rates and coinfections of two neglected tropical diseases, namely, Strongyloides stercoralis and Schistosoma sp. and viral infections among sub-Saharan Africans (SSA) and Latin Americans (LA) in Switzerland's largest pretrial prison. We carried out a cross-sectional prevalence study using a standardized questionnaire and serological testing. Among the 201 participants, 85.6% were SSA and 14.4% LA. We found the following prevalence ratios: 3.5% of HIV (4.1% in SSA, 0% in LA), 12.4% of chronic HBV (14.5% in SSA, 0% in LA), 2.0% of viraemic HCV (1.7% in SSA, 3.4% in LA), and 8.0% of strongyloidiasis (8.1% in SSA, 6.9% in LA). The serological prevalence of schistosomiasis among SSA was 20.3% (not endemic in Latin America). Two infections were simultaneously detected in SSA: 4.7% were coinfected with schistosomiasis and chronic HBV. Four other coinfections were detected among SSA: schistosomiasis-HIV, HIV-chronic HBV, HIV-HCV, and schistosomiasis-strongyloidiasis. To conclude, the high prevalence rates of persistent viral and parasitic infections and their potential coinfections among SSA and LA detained migrants highlight the need to implement control strategies and programs that reach people in detention centers in nonendemic countries.

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Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Schistosoma and Other Relevant Helminth Infections in HIV-Positive Individuals—An Overview

Schistosoma and Other Relevant Helminth Infections in HIV-Positive Individuals—An Overview

Strongyloides stercoralis larvae or egg: Which came first?

Coinfections between Persistent Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases and Viral Infections among Prisoners from Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America

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