<i>Streptococcus mutans</i> copper chaperone, CopZ, is critical for biofilm formation and competitiveness

Garcia, Sandra S.; Du, Qin; Wu, Hui

doi:10.1111/omi.12150

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The biofilms were gently washed three times with PBS to remove any unattached cells and stained with calcofluor white (Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) to label C. albicans . Biofilms were grown with either 1 μmol L −1 dextran‐conjugated pHRodo red or dextran‐conjugated Cascade Blue (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) to monitor pH changes or glucan production, respectively . The stained biofilms were examined using fluorescence microscopy and CLSM as reported .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biofilms were grown with either 1 μmol L −1 dextranconjugated pHRodo red or dextran-conjugated Cascade Blue (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) to monitor pH changes or glucan production, respectively. 21 The stained biofilms were examined using fluorescence microscopy and CLSM as reported. 22 Three independent experiments were performed, and the images displayed are representative of all studies.…”

Section: Fluorescence Microscopy and Confocal Laser Scanning Microsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antigen I/II mediates interactions between Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans

Yang

Scoffield

et al. 2018

Molecular Oral Microbiology

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Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are frequently co-isolated from dental plaque of children with early childhood caries (ECC) and are only rarely found in children without ECC, suggesting that these species interact in a manner that contributes to the pathogenesis of ECC. Previous studies have demonstrated that glucans produced by S. mutans are crucial for promoting the formation of biofilm and cariogenicity with C. albicans; however, it is unclear how non-glucan S. mutans biofilm factors contribute to increased biofilm formation in the presence of C. albicans. In this study we examined the role of S. mutans antigen I/II in two-species biofilms with C. albicans, and determined that antigen I/II is important for the incorporation of C. albicans into the two-species biofilm and is also required for increased acid production. The interaction is independent of the proteins Als1 and Als3, which are known streptococcal receptors of C. albicans. Moreover, antigen I/II is required for the colonization of both S. mutans and C. albicans during co-infection of Drosophila melanogaster in vivo. Taken together, these results demonstrate that antigen I/II mediates the increase of C. albicans numbers and acid production in the two-species biofilm, representing new activities associated with this known S. mutans adhesin.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fluorescence Microscopy and Confocal Laser Scanning Microsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigen I/II mediates interactions between Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans

Yang

Scoffield

et al. 2018

Molecular Oral Microbiology

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“…The species studied included a key species for the maintenance of biofilm ecological balance that can also be present in incipient or radicular caries (A. naeslundii) and Streptococcus mutans, considered one of the most important cariogenic species [20][21][22][23][24]. The results of the present study showed that interactions between S. mutans and A. naeslundii occur during early stages of biofilm formation, leading to a decrease in lactic acid production and to a higher resistance of S. mutans to chlorhexidine exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Substantial efforts have been dedicated to understanding S. mutans virulence factors [20][21][22][23] because this species is strongly associated with dental caries [24]. However, with the deeper understanding of microbial physiology within biofilms, the importance of bacterial interaction for dental biofilm cariogenicity has been recognized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces naeslundii Interaction in Dual-Species Biofilm

et al. 2020

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The study of bacterial interaction between Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces naeslundii may disclose important features of biofilm interspecies relationships. The aim of this study was to characterize—with an emphasis on biofilm formation and composition and metabolic activity—single- and dual-species biofilms of S. mutans or A. naeslundii, and to use a drip flow reactor (DFR) to evaluate biofilm stress responses to 0.2% chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX). Single- and dual-species biofilms were grown for 24 h. The following factors were evaluated: cell viability, biomass and total proteins in the extracellular matrix, 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide—“XTT”—reduction and lactic acid production. To evaluate stress response, biofilms were grown in DFR. Biofilms were treated with CHX or 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl; control). Biofilms were plated for viability assessment. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) was also performed. Data analysis was carried out at 5% significance level. S. mutans viability and lactic acid production in dual-species biofilms were significantly reduced. S. mutans showed a higher resistance to CHX in dual-species biofilms. Total protein content, biomass and XTT reduction showed no significant differences between single- and dual-species biofilms. CLSM images showed the formation of large clusters in dual-species biofilms. In conclusion, dual-species biofilms reduced S. mutans viability and lactic acid production and increased S. mutans’ resistance to chlorhexidine.

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“…In contrast with the present study, other researchers (18) found that not all the isolates transmitted from mothers to their respective children carry the mutAI gene. It is necessary to consider that the transmission of S. mutans is a process influenced not only by microbial factors but also by host and environmental factors, which modulate host immune defenses and bacterial competitiveness (21). In addition to the salivary level of S. mutans (22), transmission fidelity has been associated with the type of delivery (18), the duration and intensity of breastfeeding (23) and the race of the host (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence of Streptococcus mutans: An intrafamilial cohort study on transmission of genotypes

Cota¹,

Silva²,

Silva³

2020

J Clin Exp Dent

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Background: The main aims of this cohort study were to measure the intrafamilial risk of transmission, sharing and stability of the most virulent S. mutans genotypes. Material and Methods: A total of 392 clinical isolates of S. mutans obtained from caries-active adults and genotyped to evaluate their transmissibility over time. After extraction of the chromosomal DNA, PCR were performed to detect the genes involved in the production of GbpA (gbpA) and mutacin types I, II, III and IV (mutAI, mutAII, mutAIII and mutAIV). Results: The gbpA, mutAI, mutAII, mutAIII and mutAIV genes were detected in 77.3, 12.5, 51, 16.6 and 89.8% of S. mutans isolates, respectively. The virulence of S. mutans was associated with its transmission (P < 0.01) and stability (P = 0.01), with the most virulent genotypes having higher transmissibility (RR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.44 to 2.32) and higher stability in the oral cavity (RR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.19). Conclusions: Genotypes with the genetic information to synthesize GbpA and mutacins present an important ecological advantage in the process of colonization by S. mutans; they remain stable among the oral microbiota of the host and favor intrafamilial transmission.

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Streptococcus mutans copper chaperone, CopZ, is critical for biofilm formation and competitiveness

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Antigen I/II mediates interactions between Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans

Antigen I/II mediates interactions between Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans

Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces naeslundii Interaction in Dual-Species Biofilm

Virulence of Streptococcus mutans: An intrafamilial cohort study on transmission of genotypes

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