<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Infecting and Colonizing Experimental Animals, Macaques, in a Research Animal Facility

Gándara, María Pardos de la; Diaz, Leslie L; Euler, Chad W.; Chung, Marilyn; Gonzalez, Alejandra; Cheleuitte, Christopher; Freiwald, Winrich A.; Tomasz, Alexander; Fischetti, Vincent A.; Lencastre, Hermı́nia de

doi:10.1089/mdr.2018.0232

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…Human-to-primate transmission was suggested in a study of wild primates MRSA in Nepal [63] and primates in Gabon [70]. The reverse was suggested by examination of an ST3268 strain found in macaques in primate research facilities in Singapore [68] and the United States [66,67]; this molecular type was also found in macaques in a New York research facility [65], suggesting the need for screening of animals prior to export/import. While most reports suggest preponderance of primate-associated strains, testing in a Texas facility found that their animals were colonized primarily with USA300/ST8 strains, which are common in humans and suggestive of human-to-animal transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus Epidemiology in Wildlife: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterial colonizer of humans and a variety of animal species. Many strains have zoonotic potential, moving between humans and animals, including livestock, pets, and wildlife. We examined publications reporting on S. aureus presence in a variety of wildlife species in order to more cohesively review distribution of strains and antibiotic resistance in wildlife. Fifty-one studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis. The most common types documented included ST398, ST425, ST1, ST133, ST130, and ST15. A mix of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible strains were noted. A number of molecular types were identified that were likely to be found in wildlife species, including those that are commonly found in humans or other animal species (including livestock). Additional research should include follow-up in geographic areas that are under-sampled in this study, which is dominated by European studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus Epidemiology in Wildlife: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Bacterial Genotype, Carrier Risk Factors, and an Antimicrobial Stewardship Approach Relevant To Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus AureusPrevalence in a Population of Macaques Housed in a Research Facility

et al. 2023

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a significant problem for human and animal health and can negatively affect the health status of macaques and other nonhuman primates (NHP) in research colonies. However, few publications provide guidance on the prevalence, genotype, or risk factors for macaques with MRSA and even fewer on how to effectively respond to MRSA once identified in a population. After having a clinical case of MRSA in a rhesus macaque, we sought to determine the MRSA carrier prevalence, risk factors, and genotypes of MRSA in a population of research NHPs. Over a 6-wk period in 2015, we collected nasal swabs from 298 NHPs. MRSA was isolated from 28% (n = 83). We then reviewed each macaque’s medical record for a variety of variables including animal housing room, sex, age, number of antibiotic courses, number of surgical interventions, and SIV status. Analysis of these data suggests that MRSA carriage is associated with the room location, age of the animal, SIV status, and the number of antibiotic courses. We used multilocus sequence typing and spa typing on a subset of MRSA and MSSA isolates to determine whether the MRSA present in NHPs was comparable with common human strains. Two MRSA sequence types were predominant: ST188 and a novel MRSA genotype, neither of which is a common human isolate in the United States. We subsequently implemented antimicrobial stewardship practices (significantly reducing antimicrobial use) and then resampled the colony in 2018 and found that MRSA carriage had fallen to 9% (26/285). These data suggest that, as in humans, macaques may have a high carrier status of MRSA despite low clinically apparent disease. Implementing strategic antimicrobial stewardship practices resulted in a marked reduction in MRSA carriage in the NHP colony, highlighting the importance of limiting antimicrobial use when possible.

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Identification of Vancomycin Resistance in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two macaque species and decolonization and long-term prevention of recolonization in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Bochart,

Armantrout,

Crank

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a S. aureus strain with resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, making it a global human and veterinary health concern. Specifically, immunosuppressed patients have a remarkably higher risk of clinical MRSA infections with significantly increased rates of prolonged clinical recovery, morbidity, and mortality. The current treatment of choice for MRSA is vancomycin. Importantly, we report the first known vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) carriers in a cohort of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (CM) imported to the Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), with a MRSA carrier rate of 76.9% (10/13 animals). All MRSA isolates also demonstrated resistance to vancomycin with prevalence of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) at 30% (3/10 MRSA-positive CMs) and VRSA at 70% (7/10 MRSA-positive CMs). Additionally, we identified VRSA in a rhesus macaque (RM) housed within the same room as the VRSA-positive CMs and identified a MRSA/VISA carrier rate of 18.8% in RMs (3/16 positive for both MRSA and VISA) in unexposed recently assigned animals directly from the ONPRC RM breeding colony. Considering that the MRSA and VRSA/VISA-positive CMs future study aims included significant immunosuppression, MRSA/VRSA/VISA decolonization treatment and expanded “MRSA-free” practices were employed to maintain this status. We report the first controlled study using in-depth analyses with appropriate diagnostic serial testing to definitively show an MRSA decolonization therapy (90% success rate) and expanded barrier practice techniques to successfully prevent recolonization (100%) of a cohort of CMs MRSA-free (up to 529 days with a total of 4,806 MRSA-free NHP days).

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Staphylococcus aureusInfecting and Colonizing Experimental Animals, Macaques, in a Research Animal Facility

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Staphylococcus aureus Epidemiology in Wildlife: A Systematic Review

Staphylococcus aureus Epidemiology in Wildlife: A Systematic Review

Bacterial Genotype, Carrier Risk Factors, and an Antimicrobial Stewardship Approach Relevant To Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus AureusPrevalence in a Population of Macaques Housed in a Research Facility

Identification of Vancomycin Resistance in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two macaque species and decolonization and long-term prevention of recolonization in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

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