<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> causes aberrant epidermal lipid composition and skin barrier dysfunction

Kim, Jihyun; Berdyshev, Evgeny; Bin, Lianghua; Bae, Jaewoong; Kim, Seok‐Jin; Kim, Hye-Young; Lee, Un Ha; Kim, Myoung Shin; Kim, Hyun-Mi; Lee, Jin Young; Hall, Clifton F.; Hui, Jessica; Chang, Yunhee; Bronoff, Anna Sofia; Hwang, Dasom; Lee, Hae Young; Goleva, Elena; Ahn, Kangmo; Leung, Donald Y.M.

doi:10.1111/all.15640

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…S. aureus indirectly influences the CER composition via cytokine mediation (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-33) that inhibits expression of fatty acid elongases in keratinocytes. 44 Furthermore, IL-33 showed a positive correlation between S. aureus and several short-chain CERs. Conversely, Streptococcus was inversely correlated with IL-31 and IL-33, as these findings were mainly driven by Inuit children, and S. aureus is known to promote the expression of these cytokines, the association could be explained from the lower abundance of S. aureus in Inuit skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This might in part be related to the increased S. aureus colonization in Danish AD skin. S. aureus indirectly influences the CER composition via cytokine mediation (IL‐1β, TNF‐α and IL‐33) that inhibits expression of fatty acid elongases in keratinocytes 44 . Furthermore, IL‐33 showed a positive correlation between S. aureus and several short‐chain CERs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Ethnic endotypes in paediatric atopic dermatitis depend on immunotype, lipid composition and microbiota of the skin

Andersson,

Ingham,

Edslev

et al. 2023

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) endotypes differ with ethnicity. We examined the skin microbiota, cytokine‐, and lipid‐profiles in Greenlandic Inuit and Danish children with AD.Methods25 Inuit children with AD and 25 Inuit control children were clinically examined and compared to previously collected data from 25 Danish children with AD. Skin tape strips and skin swabs were collected from lesional and non‐lesional skin. Levels of cutaneous immune biomarkers, free sphingoid bases and their (glycosyl)ceramides were analyzed. Skin swabs were analyzed with 16S rRNA and tuf gene for characterization of bacterial species communities.ResultsBacterial β‐diversity was significantly different between Inuit and Danish AD skin, in both lesional (p<0.001) and non‐lesional (p<0.001) AD skin, and there was a higher relative abundance of Staphylococcus aureus in Danish compared to Inuit lesional (53% vs. 8%, p<0.01) and non‐lesional skin (55% vs. 5%, p<0.001). Danish AD children had a higher α‐diversity than Inuit children in non‐lesional (p<0.05) but not in lesional skin. Significantly higher levels of type 2 immunity cytokine interleukin (IL)‐4 (p<0.05) and IL‐5 (p<0.01) were identified in Inuit compared to Danish AD children. In contrast, IL‐33 (p<0.01) was higher in Danish lesional and non‐lesional AD skin. Higher levels of long‐chain glucosylceramide (GlcCER)[S](d26:1) were found in lesional (p<0.001) and non‐lesional (p<0.001) Inuit skin compared with Danish AD skin. NMF levels were similar in Inuit and Danish AD skin.ConclusionSkin microbiota, cytokine and lipid composition differed significantly between Inuit and Danish children with AD and showed a stronger type 2 immune signature in Inuit children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ethnic endotypes in paediatric atopic dermatitis depend on immunotype, lipid composition and microbiota of the skin

Andersson,

Ingham,

Edslev

et al. 2023

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…Besides, microbiota prevents the colonization of the pathogenic microorganisms, regulates, and improves epithelial barrier functions [ 28 ]. In barrier defective tissues, type 2 immune responses are initiated against commensal microbes as well as facultative pathogens [ 29 ]. Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is the most abundant bacterium colonizing damaged tissues of the respiratory system and the skin.…”

Section: Risk Factors Of Epithelial Barrier Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epithelial barrier theory: development and exacerbation of allergic and other chronic inflammatory diseases

Küçüksezer

Özdemir

Yazıcı

et al. 2023

Asia Pacific Allergy

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It is now longer than half a century, humans, animals, and nature of the world are under the influence of exposure to many newly introduced noxious substances. These exposures are nowadays pushing the borders to be considered as the causative or exacerbating factors for many chronic disorders including allergic, autoimmune/inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. The epithelial linings serve as the outermost body’s primary physical, chemical, and immunological barriers against external stimuli. The “epithelial barrier theory” hypothesizes that these diseases are aggravated by an ongoing periepithelial inflammation triggered by exposure to a wide range of epithelial barrier–damaging insults that lead to “epithelitis” and the release of alarmins. A leaky epithelial barrier enables the microbiome’s translocation from the periphery to interepithelial and even deeper subepithelial areas together with allergens, toxins, and pollutants. Thereafter, microbial dysbiosis, characterized by colonization of opportunistic pathogen bacteria and loss of the number and biodiversity of commensal bacteria take place. Local inflammation, impaired tissue regeneration, and remodeling characterize the disease. The infiltration of inflammatory cells to affected tissues shows an effort to expulse the tissue invading bacteria, allergens, toxins, and pollutants away from the deep tissues to the surface, representing the “expulsion response.” Cells that migrate to other organs from the inflammatory foci may play roles in the exacerbation of various inflammatory diseases in distant organs. The purpose of this review is to highlight and appraise recent opinions and findings on epithelial physiology and its role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases in view of the epithelial barrier theory.

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“…Staphylococcus aureus colonization is associated with atopic dermatitis and contributes to skin inflammation [41]. Analysis of children with atopic dermatitis and normal controls demonstrated that atopic dermatitis skin colonized with Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) had aberrant skin lipid profiles and barrier dysfunction [42 ▪▪ ]. Another study also demonstrated altered lipid profiles, as well as distinct microbiome profiling with increased Firmicutes and decreased Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level in lesional atopic dermatitis skin [43].…”

Section: Staphylococcus Aureus and The Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Physical influences on the skin barrier and pathogenesis of allergy

Hui-Beckman,

Leung

2023

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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Purpose of review As the incidence of allergic conditions has increased in recent decades, the effects of climate change have been implicated. There is also increased knowledge on the effects of other physical influences, such as scratching and Staphylococcus aureus. The skin barrier is the first line of defense to the external environment, so understanding the ways that these factors influence skin barrier dysfunction is important. Recent findings Although the impact on environmental exposures has been well studied in asthma and other allergic disorders, there is now more literature on the effects of temperature, air pollution, and detergents on the skin barrier. Factors that cause skin barrier dysfunction include extreme temperatures, air pollution (including greenhouse gases and particulate matter), wildfire smoke, pollen, scratching, S. aureus, and detergents. Summary Understanding the ways that external insults affect the skin barrier is important to further understand the mechanisms in order to inform the medical community on treatment and prevention measures for atopic conditions.

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Staphylococcus aureus causes aberrant epidermal lipid composition and skin barrier dysfunction

Cited by 21 publications

References 67 publications

Ethnic endotypes in paediatric atopic dermatitis depend on immunotype, lipid composition and microbiota of the skin

Ethnic endotypes in paediatric atopic dermatitis depend on immunotype, lipid composition and microbiota of the skin

The epithelial barrier theory: development and exacerbation of allergic and other chronic inflammatory diseases

Physical influences on the skin barrier and pathogenesis of allergy

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