<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>carriage among GPs in the Netherlands

Rijnders, Marlies; Nys, S.; Driessen, Christel; Hoebe, Christian J. P. A.; Hopstaken, Rogier; Oudhuis, Guy J.; Timmermans, Arno; Stobberingh, Ellen E.

doi:10.3399/bjgp10x544078

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The BPA, a well-known selective media for the isolation of staphylococci ( 26 ), which was used to culture the same swab samples plated on CHROMagar detected a significantly higher prevalence of S. aureus in human handlers (30.6%) than found in pigs (8.9%). This is in agreement with published reports which have documented higher carriage rates of S. aureus in the anterior nares of apparently healthy human beings ( 42 , 43 ). In the current study, the carriage rate (8.9%) detected in pigs is higher than that reported for pigs in the United States, 15.9% ( 38 ), while the rate (30.6%) found in humans is higher than the carriage rates of 23.4 and 28% reported in apparently healthy humans in Malaysia ( 44 ) and Australia ( 42 ), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Frequency of resistance to methicillin and other antimicrobial agents amongStaphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from pigs and their human handlers in Trinidad

Gordon¹,

Marshall²,

Ramdass³

et al. 2014

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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BackgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged recently worldwide in production animals, particularly pigs and veal calves, which act as reservoirs for MRSA strains for human infection. The study determined the prevalence of MRSA and other resistant strains of S. aureus isolated from the anterior nares of pigs and human handlers on pig farms in Trinidad.MethodsIsolation of S. aureus was done by concurrently inoculating Baird-Parker agar (BPA) and Chromagar MRSA (CHROM) with swab samples and isolates were identified using standard methods. Suspect MRSA isolates from Chromagar and BPA were subjected to confirmatory test using Oxoid PBP2 latex agglutination test. The disc diffusion method was used to determine resistance to antimicrobial agents.ResultsThe frequency of isolation of MRSA was 2.1% (15 of 723) for pigs but 0.0% (0 of 72) for humans. Generally, for isolates of S. aureus from humans there was a high frequency of resistance compared with those from pigs, which had moderate resistance to the following antimicrobials: penicillin G (54.5%, 51.5%), ampicillin (59.1%, 49.5%), and streptomycin (59.1%, 37.1%), respectively. There was moderate resistance to tetracycline (36.4%, 41.2%) and gentamycin (27.2%, 23.7%) for human and pig S. aureus isolates, respectively, and low resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (4.5%, 6.2%) and norfloxacin (9.1%, 12.4%), respectively. The frequency of resistance to oxacillin by the disc method was 36.4 and 34.0% from S. aureus isolates from humans and pigs, respectively. Out of a total of 78 isolates of S. aureus from both human and pig sources that were resistant to oxacillin by the disc diffusion method, only 15 (19.2%) were confirmed as MRSA by the PBP'2 latex test kit.ConclusionsThe detection of MRSA strains in pigs, albeit at a low frequency, coupled with a high frequency of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents in pig and humans could have zoonotic and therapeutic implications. Finally, the diagnostic limitation of using CHROMagar and testing for oxacillin resistance by the disc diffusion method alone to determine MRSA strains without performing confirmatory tests cannot be overemphasized because the possibility of overdiagnosis of MRSA infections cannot be ignored.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Frequency of resistance to methicillin and other antimicrobial agents amongStaphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from pigs and their human handlers in Trinidad

Gordon¹,

Marshall²,

Ramdass³

et al. 2014

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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“…The rapid emergence of MRSA over the past several years was observed in both community-and healthcare-associated populations, complicating prospective MRSA treatments. Data on the global prevalence of nasal colonization with S. aureus and MRSA has been reported [1][2][3][4][5]17]. In Thailand, there have been few studies of S. aureus carriage published in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus among medical students at the HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center, Thailand: A cross sectional study

Treesirichod

Hantagool

Prommalikit

2013

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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“…[ 1 , 2 ] Healthcare professionals are also known for their high likelihood for carrying or transmitting S aureus due to their frequent and close contact with high-risk patients. [ 3 – 6 ] Despite the predominant presence of intermittent carriage, [ 2 ] the above-mentioned host factors are time-invariant for observational studies and thus could not explain for the temporal dynamics in nasal carriage rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%