<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteraemia at Alice Springs Hospital, Central Australia, 2003–2006

Hewagama, Saliya; Spelman, Tim; Einsiedel, Lloyd

doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2011.02449.x

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…In the United States, the incidence of invasive MRSA in the black population (66.5 per 100,000 person-years) is over twice that in the white population (27.7 per 100,000 person-years) (14,18). In Australia, the incidence of SAB in the indigenous population is 5.8 to 20 times that of nonindigenous Australians (30)(31)(32). Similarly, Maori and Pacific Island people have significantly higher rates of incidence of SAB than do those of European ethnicity in New Zealand (33,34).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several recent studies involving consecutive patients with either SAB (MSSA and MRSA) (12,31,32,(56)(57)(58)(59)(60) or only MRSA bacteremia (61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66), common primary clinical foci or sources of infection are vascular catheter-related infections, SSTIs, pleuropulmonary infections, osteoarticular infections, and IE (Table 2). These common primary clinical foci represent a subset of the common general clinical manifestations of S. aureus infections.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that causes a wide range of clinical infections. It is a leading cause of bacteremia and infective endocarditis as well as osteoarticular, skin and soft tissue, pleuropulmonary, and device-related infections. This review comprehensively covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management of each of these clinical entities. The past 2 decades have witnessed two clear shifts in the epidemiology of S. aureus infections: first, a growing number of health care-associated infections, particularly seen in infective endocarditis and prosthetic device infections, and second, an epidemic of community-associated skin and soft tissue infections driven by strains with certain virulence factors and resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. In reviewing the literature to support management strategies for these clinical manifestations, we also highlight the paucity of high-quality evidence for many key clinical questions.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management

et al. 2015

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“…In 2005, in a U.S. population-based surveillance study, predominantly of health care-associated MRSA bacteremic episodes (66%; 5,813/8,792), the annual invasive MRSA infection incidence rate for Caucasians was 27.7/100,000 population (95% CI, 21.9 to 32.4), compared to 66.5/100,000 (95% CI, 43.5 to 63.1) for African Americans (143). Several other studies from New Zealand (109), Australia (96,289), and the Pacific Islands (98) have documented ethnic differences in SAB incidences, with generally higher incidences in indigenous populations than in nonindigenous populations.…”

Section: Ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the increased incidences in certain racial groups, the impact of ethnicity on mortality is unclear, primarily because the numbers of deaths are not indicated or are too small to compare (98,109,289) and because of multiple confounders associated with indigenous populations (96). These include the prevalence of comorbidities such as diabetes and alcoholism, socioeconomic status (SES), overcrowding, poor infrastructure, limited opportunities, and low income and education (96,160,194,289).…”

Section: Ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Mortality in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

et al. 2012

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SUMMARY Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is an important infection with an incidence rate ranging from 20 to 50 cases/100,000 population per year. Between 10% and 30% of these patients will die from SAB. Comparatively, this accounts for a greater number of deaths than for AIDS, tuberculosis, and viral hepatitis combined. Multiple factors influence outcomes for SAB patients. The most consistent predictor of mortality is age, with older patients being twice as likely to die. Except for the presence of comorbidities, the impacts of other host factors, including gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and immune status, are unclear. Pathogen-host interactions, especially the presence of shock and the source of SAB, are strong predictors of outcomes. Although antibiotic resistance may be associated with increased mortality, questions remain as to whether this reflects pathogen-specific factors or poorer responses to antibiotic therapy, namely, vancomycin. Optimal management relies on starting appropriate antibiotics in a timely fashion, resulting in improved outcomes for certain patient subgroups. The roles of surgery and infectious disease consultations require further study. Although the rate of mortality from SAB is declining, it remains high. Future international collaborative studies are required to tease out the relative contributions of various factors to mortality, which would enable the optimization of SAB management and patient outcomes.

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“…In 2006-2010, 10% of medical admissions to Mt Isa Hospital for children aged under 5 years were due to scabies or pyoderma, and all were Indigenous [258]. At Alice Springs Hospital in 2003-2006, Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) was recorded at a mean annual incidence rate of 161 per 100,000 for Indigenous and 8 per 100,000 for non-Indigenous inpatients; SAB was community-acquired in over 70% of both patient groups, and pyoderma or scabies was identified in 32% and 4% respectively of Indigenous patients [259].…”

Section: Skin Infections and Infestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reports indicate that changes are needed to close the gap for Indigenous health

Russell

2014

Medical Journal of Australia

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The Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet's mission is to contribute to improvements in Indigenous health by making relevant, high quality knowledge and information easily accessible to policy makers, health service providers, program managers, clinicians, researchers and the general community.The HealthInfoNet addresses this mission by undertaking research into various aspects of Indigenous health and disseminating the results (and other relevant knowledge and information) mainly via its Internet site (www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au). The HealthInfoNet's research mainly involves analysis and synthesis of data and other information obtained from academic, professional, government and other sources.The HealthInfoNet's work in translational research aims at transferring the results of pure and applied research into policy and practice. In this research, the HealthInfoNet addresses the knowledge needs of a wide range of potential users. These include policy makers, health service providers, program managers, clinicians and other health professionals (including Indigenous health workers), and researchers. The HealthInfoNet also provides easy-to-read and summarised material for students and the general community. Director:Professor Neil Thomson Address:Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet PrefaceThis Overview has been prepared by the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet as a part of our contributions to 'closing the gap' in health between Indigenous people and other Australians by making relevant, high quality knowledge and information easily accessible to policy makers, health service providers, program managers, clinicians, researchers, students and the general community. 1The main purpose of the Overview is to provide a comprehensive summary of the most recent indicators of the health of Indigenous people. It is beyond the scope of the Overview to analyse trends in the various indicators, so it tends to draw attention to the current health status of Australia's Indigenous peoples. The Overview doesn't attempt to review other aspects, such as the availability and use of services (including barriers to their use) and strategies and policies related to specific health topics. Readers interested in these aspects should refer to the topic-specific reviews that are available on the HealthInfoNet's website.Research for the Overview involves the collection, collation, and analysis of a wide range of relevant information, including both published and unpublished material. Sources include government reports, particularly those produced by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), the Australian Health Ministers Advisory Council (AHMAC) and the Steering Committee for the Review of Government Service Provision (SCRGSP).Very important additions to the regular ABS and AIHW publications are four series of special reports that bring together key information about Indigenous disadvantages in health and related areas: This Overview draws heavily on information from the main adminis...

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Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia at Alice Springs Hospital, Central Australia, 2003–2006

Abstract: Indigenous Australians have the highest reported incidence rate of SAB worldwide. This reflects the socioeconomic disadvantage experienced by indigenous Australians whose living conditions predispose to pathogen transmission and limits opportunities to maintain adequate skin hygiene.

Cited by 23 publications

References 33 publications

Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management

Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management

Predictors of Mortality in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

Reports indicate that changes are needed to close the gap for Indigenous health

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