Spondias mombin supplementation attenuated cardiac remodelling process induced by tobacco smoke

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Spondias mombin (SM) supplementation on the cardiac remodelling process induced by exposure to tobacco smoke (ETS) in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: group C (control, n = 20) comprised animals not exposed to cigarette smoke and received standard chow; group ETS (n = 20) comprised animals exposed to cigarette smoke and received standard chow; group ETS100 (n = 20) received standard chow supplemented with 100 mg/kg body weight/d of SM; and group ETS250 (n = 20) received standard chow supplemented with 250 mg/kg body weight/d of SM. The observation period was 2 months. The ETS animals had higher values of left cardiac chamber diameters and of left ventricular mass index. SM supplementation attenuated these changes. In addition, the myocyte cross‐sectional area (CSA) was lower in group C compared with the ETS groups; however, the ETS250 group had lower values of CSA compared with the ETS group. The ETS group also showed higher cardiac levels of lipid hydroperoxide (LH) compared with group C; and, groups ETS100 and ETS250 had lower concentrations of LH compared with the ETS group. Regarding energy metabolism, SM supplementation decreased glycolysis and increased the β‐oxidation and the oxidative phosphorylation. There were no differences in the expression of Nrf‐2, SIRT‐1, NF‐κB, interferon‐gamma and interleukin 10. In conclusion, our results suggest that ETS induced the cardiac remodelling process. In addition, SM supplementation attenuated this process, along with oxidative stress reduction and energy metabolism modulation.

Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extract Increased Topoisomerase IIβ, Improved Antioxidant Defense, and Attenuated Cardiac Remodeling in an Acute Doxorubicin Toxicity Model

“…Despite the fact that systolic dysfunction has been considered a hallmark of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, the fractional shortening was not affected. However, in the rat model, a lower heart rate may represent systolic dysfunction [ 30 ]. Therefore, green tea attenuated morphological changes and improved diastolic and systolic dysfunction as well.…”

“…The lipid peroxidation of the inner membrane of mitochondria impairs the transit of ionic transporters, causing damage to energy transfer and increasing the production of ROS. In fact, researchers observed lower concentrations of antioxidants during cardiotoxicity induced by DOX [ 28 , 30 , 34 ]. The present study evidenced higher levels of lipid hydroperoxide (LH), a product of lipoperoxidation, and low levels of antioxidant enzymes induced by DOX.…”

The role of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in cardiac remodelling induced by cigarette smoke exposure

“…Twenty‐four male Wistar rats, weighing between 200 and 250 g, were divided into two groups: the control group (not exposed to cigarette smoke) (C; n = 12) and the cigarette smoke‐exposed group (exposed to cigarette smoke over the 2 months) (CS; n = 12). The exposure to cigarette smoke for 2 months was performed according to the previously standardized method from our laboratory 1,5 …”

“…Protein concentration, lipid hydroperoxide, antioxidant enzyme activity and energy metabolism activity were determined as previously described. 5 The immunohistochemistry evaluation of GLUT4 was evaluated as previously described. To determine left ventricular myocardial glycogen, 20 mg samples were homogenized in 0.1 mol/L perchloric acid and centrifuged (1400 g/10 min).…”

“…All measurements were performed by the same observer blinded to treatments and according to the American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Echocardiography. 5…”