Sphaerobolus jaysukhianus sp. nov.: an artillery fungus (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota) from India

Identification, Characterization, and Control of Black Spot on Chinese Kale Caused by Sphaerobolus cuprophilus sp. nov.

“…Especially, ITS regions varied in length from 689 to 1066 bp for Sphaerobolus strains investigated, with an insertion of the region in S. cuprophilus (847–993 bp) and S. jaysukhianus (980–1066 bp) after aligned to other Sphearobolus species (689–745 bp). In addition, in the taxonomic key to species of Sphaerobolus provided by Vasava et al [ 31 ], the morphology of S. cuprophilus matches the description of S. jaysukhianus . Both species are similar in having basidial chambers and bigger gleba size than other species.…”

“…However, the larger basidiospore size and the presence of gemmae of S. cuprophilus differentiate this species from S. jaysukhianus . A key to species of Sphaerobolus provided in this study clarified previously miscategorized S. ingoldii, which has basidial chambers [ 31 ] and provides a convenient taxonomy for future identification of the Sphaerobolus species.…”

“…Sphaerobolus is commonly known as “artillery fungus” because of its capability of ejecting a gleba up to 6 m from its base [ 19 , 22 , 23 ]. The genus Sphaerobolus has been recorded in various continents, including North and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe [ 20 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. According to Index Fungorum [ 33 ], there are 35 records of the genus Sphaerobolus ; nevertheless, more recent studies by Geml et al [ 20 ] and Vasava et al [ 31 ] have shown that the genus Sphaerobolus consists of four taxonomically distinct species: S. ingoldii , S. iowensis , S. stellatus, and S. jaysukhianus .…”

“…The genus Sphaerobolus has been recorded in various continents, including North and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe [ 20 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. According to Index Fungorum [ 33 ], there are 35 records of the genus Sphaerobolus ; nevertheless, more recent studies by Geml et al [ 20 ] and Vasava et al [ 31 ] have shown that the genus Sphaerobolus consists of four taxonomically distinct species: S. ingoldii , S. iowensis , S. stellatus, and S. jaysukhianus . The fungi in the genus Sphaerobolus have been considered saprophytes; however, its glebae are responsible for affecting the general appearance of a wide range of plants [ 34 , 35 ] which results in a significant loss in marketable produce.…”

Sphaerobolus stellatus: an unusual gasteroid fungus (Basidiomycota) from Northeastern Brazil

“…Also, S. iowensis differs from S. stellatus by presenting basidial chambers in immature areas and absent gelatinous layer (Geml et al 2005a(Geml et al , 2005b. Sphaerobolus jaysukhianus AM Vasava, RS Patel and KS Rajput differs from S. stellatus by the presenting basidial chambers and peridiole without gemmae (Vasava et al 2020).…”