“…There has been recurrent failure to provide solutions (Witmer, 2018): A phenomenon attributable to treating smallholders as a homogeneous group, together with entrenched interests at the center (Fan et al, 2013;McCalla, 2013). Other problems include too tight scheduling, underestimated costs, bad management and staffing, procurement difficulties, too many components (Ika & Saint-Macary, 2014), and limited finance (UNIDO/CBN/BOI, 2010).Degrees of successes have been recorded with pilot projects, but with attendant cyclical gluts because excess food products fail to reach the markets and households (Otekunrin & Sawicka, 2019).Effective functional partnership is at the core of any successful aid harmonization and sustainable scaling-up of technologies that will come with measurable improvement on food security (Cooley and Howard, 2019).…”