<i>Solanum elaeagnifolium</i> Cav. (Solanales: Solanaceae) presence confirmed in Portugal

Tataridas, Alexandros; Oliveira, Rui S.; Frazão, None Luciana; Moreira, Miguel; Travlos, Ilias; Freitas, Helena

doi:10.1111/epp.12858

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Bouhache and Gbẻhounou (2014) report that the weed was deliberately introduced into the Montpellier botanical garden in 1855. In Portugal, the presence of the weed was confirmed in 2022 by Tataridas et al (2022d). In Aragon, Spain, it is thought that the plant was introduced as an ornamental because of its beautiful flowers (Cirujeda et al 2005).…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of Invasive Plants 5. Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.

Tataridas

Moreira

Frazão

et al. 2023

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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The family Solanaceae lists about 1,400 species worldwide, of which 143 are considered weeds (Sheppard et al. 2006). The genus Solanum is the most numerous of the family Solanaceae. Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. belongs to the clade Leptostemonum, commonly known as the “spiny solanum” clade. Solanum elaeagnifolium is native to northern Mexico and the American Southwest. A revision for the S. elaeagnifolium clade and analytic phytokeys are provided by Knapp et al. (2017). The silvery color of its leaves and their resemblance to the leaves of the olive tree (Elaeagnus) were the reasons for naming the species elaeagnifolium (Heap and Carter 1999). Nowadays, it is commonly known as silverleaf nightshade (Boyd et al. 1984). According to Krigas et al. (2021), in northern Greece S. elaeagnifolium is also called “Lernaean Hydra,” due to its intense regrowth after herbicide treatment. Solanum elaeagnifolium is known in South Africa as silverleaf bitter apple or Satansbos (Satan’s bush), indicating how harmful it is to the country (Wilson et al. 2013). In America and other parts of the world, it has received various names over the years, such as white horsenettle, bullnettle, tomatillo, meloncillo, and trompillo (Davis et al. 1945; Kwong et al. 2006). In Algeria, farmers call it echouka, which means thorn, because of the multiple spines on the stem (Adjim and Kazi Tani 2018). In South Korea, it received the name Eun-bit-kka-ma-jung, which is a combination of its silvery coloration and a common plant in the country (Hong et al. 2014).

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Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of Invasive Plants 5. Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.

Tataridas

Moreira

Frazão

et al. 2023

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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“…The negative impacts deriving from its presence include the yield losses of various crops (e.g., cotton, soybean, maize, wheat, sorghum, and vegetables), the decline in biodiversity, the intoxication of animals, the hosting of harmful insects, fungi, bacteria, and viruses, the blockage of irrigation channels, the increase in the production costs for farmers, and the reduction in the value of land. Indicatively, it has invaded all five continents and in the last few years, new records have been made in many countries [7], which unexpectedly are located to the North of the typical latitude growth range of the species. This movement to the North is beyond doubt linked with climate change and the rise in temperatures, factors that favor the dispersal and establishment of S. elaeagnifolium in new suitable habitats.…”

Section: Solanum Elaeagnifoliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Streamlining Agroecological Management of Invasive Plant Species: The Case of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav

2022

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The increased demand for the adoption of sustainable practices to protect agroecosystems is challenged by the introduction and dominance of invasive plant species (IPS). The management of IPS requires a direct response from farmers and policy makers and is often associated with the adoption of practices that have negative ecological impacts. Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. (silverleaf nightshade) is a noxious IPS posing a serious threat to agriculture and the environment. The increased resistance to the biotic and abiotic stress factors caused by high phenotypic plasticity, dense trichomes, and spines allow the weed to adapt to many habitats, rendering several herbicides ineffective. If an early detection and eradication fails, multiple management strategies should be adopted to mitigate a further dispersal. Herbicides should be applied before or during flowering to prevent the formation of berries and the production of seeds. Precision agriculture tools, such as decision support systems, can be exploited to reduce the herbicide input. Soil tillage should be avoided to prevent clonal reproduction. Mowing is an effective tool to prevent the setting of seeds. Biological agents should be carefully released as a part of an agroecological weed management framework. Future research should focus on the development of cross-boundary protocols and actions to monitor the introduction pathways for the early detection and agroecological management of S. elaeagnifolium.

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