I sikh a Latina, una storia trentennale di lavoro agricolo

Introduction: The Languages of Discrimination and Racism in Italy in the Twentieth Century: Mobilities, Migrations, Racisms

“…It seems to us that this type of research has followed at (at least) four paths: the rst has adopted a vertical perspective, looking at nationality/ religious or ethnic/linguistic speci city, thus focusing on single communities, be it the Filipino communities which have grown numerous in several Italian cities since the 1980s (Cominelli 2003;Zapponi 2011), labor migrations from South America, especially Perù, or those from Eastern European countries-at least Romania, Moldova, Belarus, Ukraine (Salvino 2018)-through which many women have arrived in Italy to work as caretakers (badanti) for aging Italian families. Other groups include Sikhs in the province of Reggio Emilia (Bertolani 2004(Bertolani , 2013, in particular in Novellara, where many work in the production of the Parmigiano Reggiano cheese (Bertolani 2010) and in agriculture around Latina (Omizzolo, 2010); Albanians (Barajaba 2011), whose exodus-like arrival in Italy on the ship Vlora in 1991 has left an indelible mark on the history of migration and of racism in Italy (De Cesaris 2018, 2020); and Nigerian migrants, in particular many women, who arrived in Italy through the trade of prostitutes (Beneduce and Taliani 2016) in the 1990s. Other groups could lengthen this list.…”