Sesbania aculeata leaf meal as replacer of de‐oiled rice bran in aquaculture feed: Growth, IGF‐1 expression, metabolic and biochemical responses in Cyprinus carpio ( Linnaeus 1758 )

Abstract

Feed represents the single largest input in commercial aquaculture comprising about 60% of the total operating cost (De Silva & Anderson, 1995). The present requirement of aquafeed is estimated to be 60 million tonnes (FAO, 2014). Presently, both protein and energy rich conventional dietary ingredients are of short supply which necessitates incorporating unexplored unconventional locally available ingredients in aquafeed. Oil cakes are conventional protein sources used for carp culture in Asia along with deoiled rice bran (DORB), which is predominantly used in aquafeeds (Meshram, Deo, Kumar, Aklakur, & Sahu, 2018). DORB is an agricultural by-product, which is the most common ingredient used with oil cake. This is a cheap source in aquafeed, which is available throughout the year (Veerina, Nandeesha, & Gopal Rao, 1993).In the recent past, it is observed that the price and utilization of

Influence of inclusion of pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajan ) leafmeal on growth, physio‐metabolic and immune parameters, and expression of IGF‐1, IGF‐1R and IGFBP‐1 genes in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings

“…Comparatively, lower WG % was observed in the control group, which was not significantly ( p > 0.05) different from the T20 group. The highest FCR values were observed in the control and T20 group, which complements the growth data (Anand et al, 2020; Maiti et al., 2019). The protein efficiency ratio was also higher in treatment groups compared to the control group.…”

“…The findings of Kumar et al (2017), Kumar Sahu, and Ranjan (2018), Kumar, Sahu, Shamna, et al (2018), Lovell (1989)), Meshram et al. (2018), Ranjan, Sahu, Deo, Kumar, Kumar, et al (2018), Ranjan et al (2018) and Anand et al (2020) also reported the similar findings. GSI and HSI showed no significant difference ( p > 0.05) between different experimental groups.…”

“…Digestive enzyme influences the digestive process and improves the growth performance of animals (Anand et al, 2020; Kumar et al, 2019, 2017; Kumar, Sahu, & Ranjan, 2018; Kumar, Sahu, Shamna, et al, 2018; Lemieux et al., 1999; Meshram et al., 2018; Ranjan, Sahu, Deo, Kumar, Kumar, et al, 2018; Ranjan et al, 2018). The ability of any fish to digest and absorb nutrients depends on the presence of anti‐nutrients, dietary fibre content and the quality of digestive enzymes (Anand et al, 2020; Meshram et al., 2018). In the present study, amylase and protease activities in the whole intestine were significantly ( p < 0.05) higher in the control and T30 group, respectively.…”

“…Intensive aquaculture proliferates; this leads to an increase in requirement for high‐quality protein and lipid sources (Barlow, 1989; Hardy, 1996). However, another important feed constituent, de‐oiled rice bran (DORB), is rapidly becoming a major ingredient in fish feed for carps (Anand et al, 2020; Meshram et al., 2018; Ranjan, Sahu, Deo, Kumar, Kumar, et al, 2018; Ranjan et al, 2018) as documented in recent studies and an increasingly competitive component of animal feeds in India as it is being used for poultry, cattle and human consumption as well. The rapid increase in feed‐based aquaculture requires more feed which, in turn, requires more rice bran.…”

“…Among the unconventional sources of a feed ingredient, leafmeal is one of the potential DORB replacers and can be the cheapest source of protein (Adewolu, 2008). Anand et al (2020) concluded that fermented Sesbania leaf meal (FSLM) using B. subtilis could replace 50% DORB (15% FSLM group) in the diet of C. carpio without affecting the growth and other physiological responses. Pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajan L.) which is an inexpensive source of proteins and energy for third world countries, including India (Talari & Shakappa, 2018).…”