Semecarpus anacardium (Bhallataka) Alters the Glucose Metabolism and Energy Production in Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Glucose produced by gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis plays an important role in aggravating hyperglycemia in diabetes, and altered mitochondrial function is associated with impaired energy production. The present study focuses on the effect of Semecarpus anacardium on carbohydrate metabolism and energy production in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by the administration of Streptozotocin at a dose of 50 mg/kg.b.wt. Three days after the induction, Semecarpus anacardium at a dose of 300 mg/kg.b.wt was administered for 21 days. After the experimental duration, the activities of the enzymes involved in Glycolysis, TCA cycle, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen were assayed in the liver and kidney of the experimental animals. In addition, to the complexes the protein expression of AKT and PI3K were assayed. The levels of the enzymes involved in Glycolysis and TCA cycle increased, while that of gluconeogensis decreased. The activities of the mitochondrial complexes were also favorably modulated. The expressions of PI3K and AKT also increased in the skeletal muscle. These effects may be attributed to the hypoglycemic and the antioxidative activity of Semecarpus anacardium. The results of the study revealed that Semecarpus anacardium was able to restore the altered activities of the enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and energy production.

Rhinacanthus nasutusAmeliorates Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Enzyme Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

“…The present results showed a dramatic decrease in the levels of G6PDH in the liver tissue of STZ-induced diabetic rats. These results were similar to those of previous studies that also demonstrated lower G6PDH activity in diabetic tissues [31–33]. It has been reported that hyperglycemia decreases the activities of hexose monophosphate shunt enzymes in diabetic animals and decreases G6PDH activity in diabetic rats.…”

Why Are Branched-Chain Amino Acids Increased in Starvation and Diabetes?

“… Impaired mitochondrial function. Oxidative stress seen in diabetes and IR states increases the susceptibility of mitochondrial proteins to oxidative damage [ 54 , 55 ]. The consequences include decreased flux through the citric cycle and decreased activity of enzymes involved in BCAA catabolism.…”

“…Impaired entrance of acetyl-CoA into the citric cycle results in increased production of acylcarnitines, acyl-CoAs, and ketone bodies and acidosis development. Mitochondria isolated from the liver and muscles of subjects with T1DM showed decreased respiratory chain activity and ATP production, decreased expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes, increased ROS production, and decreased activity of citric cycle enzymes [ 54 , 55 , 81 ].…”

Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticle From Passiflora Foetida Leaf Extract and Its Antibacterial Activity

“…Medicinal plants have played a significant role in a variety of ancient traditional systems of medicine. They are rich sources of bioactive compounds and thus serve as an important raw material for drug production and have become a target for the search of new drugs [16]. The plants are the invaluable, incredible, and traditional sources for the curability of various diseases in the form of medicines.…”