Interleukin-10andRelatedCytokines andReceptors

Abstract

The Class 2 alpha-helical cytokines consist of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 (Mda-7), and IL-26, interferons (IFN-alpha, -beta, -epsilon, -kappa, -omega, -delta, -tau, and -gamma) and interferon-like molecules (limitin, IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29). The interaction of these cytokines with their specific receptor molecules initiates a broad and varied array of signals that induce cellular antiviral states, modulate inflammatory responses, inhibit or stimulate cell growth, produce or inhibit apoptosis, and affect many immune mechanisms. The information derived from crystal structures and molecular evolution has led to progress in the analysis of the molecular mechanisms initiating their biological activities. These cytokines have significant roles in a variety of pathophysiological processes as well as in regulation of the immune system. Further investigation of these critical intercellular signaling molecules will provide important information to enable these proteins to be used more extensively in therapy for a variety of diseases.

Proinflammatory cytokines and IL-10 in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer patients

“…Antigen--presenting cells, mainly monocytes/macrophages, are their principal source and therefore manifest a broad immunostimulatory activity (Medzhitov and Janeway 1997). IL-10, produced mainly by T helper lymphocytes (Th) and regulatory T cells (T Reg ), exerts a strong suppressive role on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a regulatory role on Th immune reactions (Mosmann and Sad 1996;Pestka et al 2004;Taylor et al 2006).…”

Single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes in the IL10 region associated with HCV clearance

“…The suggestive results with IL19 and IL20 are intriguing, given their newly discovered roles in modulating the TH1 and TH2 response where IL10 is already known to be intimately involved. 35 Research on larger well-defined cohorts will be needed to test for what are potentially weak effects at IL10 and IL19/IL20.…”

“…[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] The genetic neighbors of IL10 consisting of IL19, IL20, and IL24 also modulate the TH1 and TH2 response, suggesting that these recently discovered loci could also be important in HCV clearance. 35 A number of studies have examined the IL10 promoter region SNPs and their associations with HCV susceptibility as well as resistance to antiviral therapy. Current therapy of chronic HCV infection is based on type I IFNa treatment along with ribavirin.…”

IL-10 delivery by AAV5 vector attenuates inflammation in mice with pseudomonas pneumonia

“…This pathology corroborates our cytokine findings and supports our hypothesis that AAV5.Cb-mIL10 can effectively reduce inflammation in P. aeruginosa-infected lungs. 42 by selectively inhibiting STAT 3 transcription, rather than generally blocking nuclear factor-kB activation. 43 IL-10 may also decrease myeloid cells and prevent cell-to-cell communication between macrophages and T cells, resulting in decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic factors.…”