N itrosarchaeum

Abstract

Ni.tros.ar.chae'um. N.L. adj. nitrosus nitrous; N.L. neut. n. archaeum (from Gr. adj. archaios ‐ê ‐on ancient); N.L. neut. n. Nitrosarchaeum a nitrite‐producing archaeon. Thaumarchaeota / Nitrososphaeria / Nitrosopumilales / Nitrosopumilaceae / Nitrosarchaeum Aerobic, mesophilic, neutrophilic, nonhalophilic, and autotrophic ammonia‐oxidizing archaea. Fixes carbon (CO 2 ) through the thaumarchaeal 3‐hydroxypropionate/4‐hydroxybutyrate pathway and oxidizes ammonia to nitrite for energy via the archaeal ammonia monooxygenase enzyme. Single, small rod‐shaped cells with crystalline S‐layer. Some species motile via polar or subpolar flagellum and encode genes for chemotaxis. Reproduce by binary fission. Prefers growth in low‐salinity minimal media. Gene sequence phylogeny places Nitrosarchaeum within the Nitrosopumilaceae family, as defined by both 16S rRNA and amoA (encoding the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme α‐subunit). Members of the genus Nitrosarchaeum can be found in terrestrial and aquatic environments less saline than seawater, including soils, aquifers, estuaries, rivers, and lakes. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 32.5–32.7 (genome analysis). Type species : Nitrosarchaeum koreense (Jung, Park, Min, Kim, Rijpstra, Sinninghe et al., 2011) Jung, Islam, Gwak, Kim and Rhee 2018, 3092 VP ( Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum koreensis Jung, Park, Min, Kim, Rijpstra, et al. 2011, 8645).

Impact of submarine groundwater discharge on biogeochemistry and microbial communities in pockmarks

“…OTUs affiliating with another archaeal ammonia oxidizer Nitrosoarchaeum were detected in groundwater and both active pockmarks. Nitrosoarchaeum organisms are typical in aquatic environments with low salinity (Tolar et al, 2019), thus their abundance in groundwater and active pockmarks in our study is not surprising. Similarly, thaumarchaeal ammonia oxidizing archaea, which were dominating the seawater archaeal communities but also found in relatively high abundance in active pockmark sediments here, are major ammonia oxidizers in the oceans.…”

Geochemical factors impacting nitrifying communities in sandy sediments

“…The AOA community was dominated by Nitrosopumilaceae , a family of marine, freshwater and terrestrial ammonia oxidisers (Tolar et al, 2019). The genus classifications for AOA observed in this family (Figure S3) included Candidatus Nitrosopumilus , Cenarchaeum , Nitrosarchaeum and Candidatus Nitrocosmicus .…”