<i><scp>M</scp>ycobacterium avium</i>subspecies<i>paratuberculosis</i>is widely distributed in<scp>B</scp>ritish soils and waters: implications for animal and human health

Rhodes, Glenn; Henrys, Peter A.; Thomson, Bruce C.; Pickup, Roger W.

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12137

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In a geographical survey of MAP distribution carried out in the United Kingdom, MAP was found in 10·5% of soil cores, both in farming and nonfarming areas (Rhodes et al . ). MAP also spreads to surface waters (lakes and rivers) through runoff from contaminated pastures (Pickup et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Moreover, the potential risk to human health due to exposure to a contaminated environment cannot be excluded. In a geographical survey of MAP distribution carried out in the United Kingdom, MAP was found in 10Á5% of soil cores, both in farming and nonfarming areas (Rhodes et al 2013). MAP also spreads to surface waters (lakes and rivers) through runoff from contaminated pastures (Pickup et al 2005(Pickup et al , 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin the intermediate and final digestion products of biogas plants

et al. 2018

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Aims: To evaluate the survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) during anaerobic digestion (AD), we studied two different biogas plants loaded with manure and slurry from paratuberculosis-infected dairy herds. Methods and Results: Both plants were operating under mesophilic conditions, the first with a single digester and the second with a double digester. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis detection was performed by sampling each stage of the process, specifically the prefermenter, fermenter, liquid digestate and solid digestate stages, for 11 months. In both plants, MAP was isolated from the prefermenter stage. Only the final products, the solid and liquid digestates, of the one-stage plant showed viable MAP, while no viable MAP was detected in the digestates of the two-stage plant. Conclusions: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis showed a significant decrease during subsequent steps of the AD process, particularly in the two-stage plant. We suggest that the second digester maintained the digestate under anaerobic conditions for a longer period of time, thus reducing MAP survival and MAP load under the culture detection limit. Significance and Impact of the Study: Our data are unable to exclude the presence of MAP in the final products of the biogas plants, particularly those products from the single digester; therefore, the use of digestates as fertilizers is a real concern related to the possible environmental contamination with MAP. IntroductionMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the aetiological agent of a chronic proliferative enteritis in ruminants known as paratuberculosis (PTB) or Johne's disease.In recent decades, PTB has been frequently linked with Crohn's disease in humans due to certain clinical similarities between these two enteric pathologies (Hermon-Taylor and Bull 2002); however, the role of MAP in Crohn's disease has not been definitively demonstrated (Chiodini et al. 2012;Sechi and Dow 2015). Furthermore, MAP has also been linked with other human diseases, such as type I diabetes, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis and others (Scanu et al. 2007;Sisto et al. 2010; Dow 2012;Frau et al. 2013;Waddell et al. 2015).Paratuberculosis is distributed worldwide in ruminants, and the prevalence of infected farms in countries with advanced animal husbandry is growing rapidly. In this regard, numerous investigations have reported its wide distribution in Europe (Nielsen and Toft 2009) and Italy (Pozzato et al. 2011), with herd prevalence estimates over 50% (Nielsen and Toft 2009).Animals are most frequently infected at a young age through the ingestion of faeces or contaminated feed, fodder, milk and colostrum (Sweeney 2011). The major 36

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin the intermediate and final digestion products of biogas plants

et al. 2018

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“…In a comprehensive geological distribution study, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) was measured in soil core samples around Great Britain using PCR (Rhodes et al, 2013). It was determined that MAP was detected in 10.5% of soil core samples with a concentration range of 5x10 2 to 3x10 6 cell equivalents/gram of wet soil.…”

Section: Nucleic Acids-based Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Occurrence of Indicator Organisms and Pathogens

Kronlein¹,

Stedtfeld²,

Samhan³

et al. 2014

Water Environment Research

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This review summarizes some key literature published in 2013 that pertains to the detection and occurrence of pathogens and indicators of waterborne pathogens. Particular emphasis was placed on emerging detection methods that when fully developed may have an impact on the application of molecular tools to characterize the microbial quality of water. As such, this review is organized into the following topics: i) nucleic acids‐based detection methods, ii) sequencing‐based detection methods, iii) culturing combined to molecular methods, and iv) sample processing.

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“…The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is widely distributed in the environment, mainly in water and soil [6,7], and may cause infectious diseases both in humans and animals [6,8,9]. MAC includes MAP, the etiological agent of Johne's disease (JD), a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the intestine that is an important and widespread disease of domestic ruminants and other mammals, including primates [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Escherichia coli in blood samples from patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Nazareth

Magro

Machado

et al. 2015

Med Microbiol Immunol

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) have been implicated as primary triggers in Crohn's disease (CD). In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of MAP and E. coli (EC) DNA in peripheral blood from 202 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients at various disease periods and compared against 24 cirrhotic patients with ascites (CIR) (non-IBD controls) and 29 healthy controls (HC). MAP DNA was detected by IS900-specific nested PCR, EC DNA by malB-specific nested PCR and AIEC identity, in selected samples, by sequencing of fimH gene. CD patients with active disease showed the highest MAP DNA prevalence among IBD patients (68 %). Infliximab treatment resulted in decreased MAP detection. CIR patients had high individual and coinfection rates (75 % MAP, 88 % EC and 67 % MAP and EC), whilst HC controls had lower MAP prevalence (38 %) and EC was undetectable in this control group. EC DNA prevalence in IBD patients was highly associated with CD, and 80 % of EC from the selected samples of CD patients analyzed carried the fimH30 allele, with a mutation strongly associated with AIEC. Our results show that coinfection with MAP and AIEC is common and persistent in CD, although the high MAP and EC detection in CIR patients suggested that colonization is, at least, partially dependent on increased gut permeability. Nevertheless, facilitative mechanisms between a susceptible host and these two potential human pathogens may allow their implication in CD pathogenesis.

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Mycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosisis widely distributed inBritish soils and waters: implications for animal and human health

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Cited by 25 publications

References 66 publications

Survival ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin the intermediate and final digestion products of biogas plants

Survival ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin the intermediate and final digestion products of biogas plants

Detection and Occurrence of Indicator Organisms and Pathogens

Prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Escherichia coli in blood samples from patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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