<i>Scleroderris</i> canker on lodgepole pine introduced in northern Sweden

Karlman, Margareta; Hansson, Per; Witzell, Jesper

doi:10.1139/x94-250

Cited by 55 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…In the meantime on lodgepole pine, inoculation trials with the EU race hâve been undertaken to verify if such résistance could exist on this species, which is genetically related to jack pine. Lodgepole pines are seriously affected by Scleroderris canker in Sweden (Karlman et al 1994). However, another amplitype of the pathogen, as defined by Hamelin et al (1996), is most likely involved and thus care should be taken not to introduce this amplitype into Canada where jack and lodgepole pines could be affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of Pinus banksiana to the European race of Gremmeniella abietina

Laflamme¹,

Blais²

2005

phyto

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Au début des années 80, plus de 90 % de mortalité causée par Gremmeniella abietina, race européenne, a été relevée dans des plantations de pin rouge (Pinus resinosa) localisées à environ 200 km au nord-ouest de Montréal, Québec, Canada. Les pins gris ( Pinus banksiana) avoisinants ne semblaient pas attaqués. Les forestiers ont donc reboisé ces aires avec des semis de pin gris. Des parcelles d'études de 100 pins gris ont été établies dans trois plantations sur les quatre sélectionnées en 1988. Comme références, des semis de pin rouge ont été plantés dans des conditions semblables dans la quatrième plantation en 1989. Les observations annuelles se sont déroulées de 1989 à 1992. La mortalité des semis de pin rouge atteignait 70 % en 1992 alors que les pins gris des trois sites expérimentaux n'étaient pas attaqués, à l'exception d'une brûlure à l'extrémité des pousses, caractéristique qui permet d'identifier la race au champ. Les symptômes de la race nord-américaine étaient présents à un taux très bas; leur incidence a augmenté sur le site I en 1992. Plus de 10 ans après la plantation, les pins gris montrent une résistance à la race européenne de G. abietina alors que tous les pins rouges sont morts.In the early 1980s, more than 90% of mortality caused by Gremmeniella abietina, European race, was recorded in red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations 200 km northwest of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Surrounding jack pines (Pinus banksiana) did not appear to be affected. Consequently, foresters began to plant the affected areas with jack pine seedlings. In 1988, plots of 100 jack pines were established in three of the four selected plantations. As reference, red pine seedlings were planted in 1989 under similar conditions in the fourth plantation. Observations were carried out annually from 1989 to 1992. Mortality of red pine seedlings reached 70% in 1992 while all jack pines on the three experimental sites were free of the disease except for a tip blight, a distinctive feature allowing race identification in the field. The North American race symptoms were present at a very low incidence, but began to increase on site I in 1992. More than 10 years after planting, the jack pine trees still show resistance to the European race of G. abietina while all the red pines died

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of Pinus banksiana to the European race of Gremmeniella abietina

Laflamme¹,

Blais²

2005

phyto

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“…In the case of fire, higher temperatures correspond to higher stand susceptibility (Rothermel and Philpot, 1973). On the other hand there are several pathogen and pest species that show a preference for lower temperatures and therefore prefer sites of higher altitude and latitude, such as Scleroderris canker on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) in Sweden (Karlman et al, 1994), or the larch budmoth, Zeiraphera diniana in the Alps (Baltensweiler and Fischlin, 1988) and Sudeten (Capecki et al, 1989).…”

Section: Site Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage

Jactel

Nicoll

Branco³

et al. 2009

Ann. For. Sci.

231

167

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Abstract• This article synthesizes and reviews the available information on the effects of forestry practices on the occurrence of biotic and abiotic hazards, as well as on stand susceptibility to these damaging agents, concentrating on mammal herbivores, pest insects, pathogenic fungi, wind and fire.• The management operations examined are site selection, site preparation, stand composition, regeneration method, cleaning and weed control, thinning and pruning, and harvesting. For each of these operations we have examined how they influence the occurrence of biotic and abiotic damaging agents, the susceptibility of European forests, and describe the ecological processes that may explain these influences.• Overall, we find that the silvicultural operations that have the largest influence on both biotic and abiotic risks to European forest stands are closely related to species composition and the structure of the overstorey. Four main processes that drive the causal relationships between stand management and susceptibility have been identified: effect on local microclimate, provision of fuel and resources to biotic and abiotic hazards, enhancement of biological control by natural enemies and changes in individual tree physiology and development.• The review demonstrates an opportunity to develop silvicultural methods that achieve forest management objectives at the same time as minimising biotic and abiotic risks. Mots-clés :sylviculture / peuplement / occurrence / sensibilité / Résumé -Influences de la sylviculture sur le risque de dégâts biotiques et abiotiques dans les peuplements forestiers.• Cette revue bibliographique s'intéresse aux effets de la sylviculture sur la sensibilité des peuplements forestiers aux principaux agents de dégâts biotiques et abiotiques que sont les mammifères herbivores, les insectes ravageurs, les champignons pathogènes, le feu et les vents forts. * Corresponding author: herve.jactel@pierroton.inra.frArticle published by EDP Sciences Ann. For. Sci. 66 (2009) 701 H. Jactel et al.• Les pratiques forestières analysées sont la sélection et la préparation des sites de reboisement, la définition de la composition en essences et le choix du matériel génétique, les méthodes de régé-nération et d'entretien, les modalités d'éclaircie et d'élagage, le mode de récolte finale. L'influence de chacune de ces opérations sur l'occurrence des agents de dégâts biotiques et abiotiques et sur la sensibilité des peuplements est examinée ainsi que les processus écologiques sous-jacents.• Les opérations sylvicoles qui se révèlent les plus déterminantes pour la sensibilité des forêts en Europe sont celles qui affectent la composition et la structure de la strate arborée. Quatre principaux processus écologiques semblent expliquer la relation entre sylviculture et sensibilité des peuplements : la modification du micro-climat, l'apport de ressources ou de combustible aux agents de dégâts, l'amélioration du contrôle biologique par les ennemis naturels et l'altération de la physiologie et du développement des arb...

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“…This is sigdicant since lodgepole pine, a widespread forest species in western Canada, was extremely susceptible to the EU race when grown as an exotic plantation species in Scandinavia (Karlman et al 1994). It underlines the importance of preventing the introduction of the EU race into western Canada, as suggested by Dorworth and Muir (1993).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Recently, some concern has been shown regarding the ability of the EU race to extend its range into western Canada on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) (Donvorth and Muir 1993) as it has been shown to have a significant impact on this species in Sweden (Karlman et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of the European race of Scleroderris canker in Canada

Laflamme¹,

Hopkin²,

Harrison³

1998

The Forestry Chronicle

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r r i s o n~The European (EU) race of Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) La race europeenne (EU) de Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet, the causal agent of scleroderris canker of conifers, is a Morelet, I'agent causal du chancre scleroderrien des coniferes, est damaging pathogen in pine forests. In North America, this disun champignon pathogene tres dommageable pour nos forits de ease is found in the northeastem United States and in eastan Canada.pins. En e e r i q u e du Nord, la maladie se retrouve dans le nordResults from surveys conducted across Canada since 1979 are up&-est des Etats-Unis et dans I'est du Canada. Les resultats des ing us on where this disease is found. In Newfoundland, only the releves a travers le Canada depuis 1979 nous pernettent de car-EU = has been worded and it is t~ the Avalon Peninsula tographier la distribution de la maladie. A Terre-Neuve, seule la Contrary to earlier reports in the Maritime provinces, only one pine race EU a ete relevee et elle est restreinte a la peninsule dlAvalon. plantation is infected by the EU race in New Brunswick. In Contrairement a ce qui a ete rapporte anterieurement dans les Ontario, a total of 17 1 plantations are infected and they are clusprovinces Maritimes, seulement une plantation de pins est infectered in the central portion of the southern part of the province.tee par la race EU au Nouveau-Brunswick. En Ontario, un total The number of plantations infected by the EU race in Quebec is de 171 plantations SOnt infectees et elks SOnt gro~pees dans la pOrthe highest in Canada with 749 plantations. In the four provinces, tion centrale du sud de la province. LeS 749 plantations infectees the most infected species is red pine (86% of the infected planPar la race EU au Quebec representent le plus gandnombre de tations), followed by two exotic species, Scots pine (9.5%) and tout le Canada. Dans les quatre provinces, le pin rouge est Austrian pine (3.2%). white pine and jack pine show resistance I'espke la plus infectee (86% des plantations infectees) suivi par to the disease. deux especes exotiques, le pin sylvestre (9,5%) et pin noir d'Autriche (3,2%). Le pin blanc et le pin gris montrent de la resis-

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Scleroderris canker on lodgepole pine introduced in northern Sweden

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Resistance of Pinus banksiana to the European race of Gremmeniella abietina

Resistance of Pinus banksiana to the European race of Gremmeniella abietina

The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage

Status of the European race of Scleroderris canker in Canada

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