<i>Schistosoma</i> infection inhibits cellular immune responses to core HCV peptides

Farid, Alyaa; Al-Sherbiny, Maged; Osman, Ahmed; Mohamed, Nik Abdullah Nik; Saad, Ahmed; Shata, Mohamed T.; Lee, D.-H.; Prince, Alfred M.; Strickland, G. Thomas

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3024.2005.00762.x

Cited by 48 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…ELISPOT assays detect Agspecific T cells at frequencies as low as 1:100,000 (Lalvani et al, 1997;McCutcheon et al, 1997). Our laboratory has optimized and standardized IFN-γ ELISPOT assays to measure CMI in viral hepatitis caused by HCV and HBV, both in humans and in chimpanzees (AlSherbiny et al, 2005;Farid et al, 2005;Shata et al, 2002Shata et al, , 2006Shata et al, , 2003a). In the current study, we evaluated the usage of IFN-γ ELISPOT assay in measuring CMI responses in HEV infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of hepatitis E-specific cell-mediated immune response using IFN-γ ELISPOT assay

Shata

Barrett

Shire

et al. 2007

Journal of Immunological Methods

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In developing countries, hepatitis E (HEV) and hepatitis A (HAV) are the major causes of acute viral hepatitis with similar fecooral modes of transmission. In contrast to the high seroprevalence of hepatitis A infection, a low seroprevalence of HEV among children in endemic areas has been reported. These data suggest the possibility that silent HEV infection is undiagnosed by the current available methods. Many of the serological tests used for HEV diagnosis have poor specificity and are unable to differentiate among different genotypes of HEV. Moreover, the RT-PCR used for HEV isolation is only valid for a brief period during the acute stage of infection. Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses are highly sensitive, and long lasting after sub-clinical infections as shown in HCV and HIV. Our objective was to develop a quantitative assay for cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses in HEV infection as a surrogate marker for HEV exposure in silent infection. Quantitative assessment of the CMI responses in HEV will also help us to evaluate the role of CMI in HEV morbidity. In this study, an HEV-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) ELISPOT assay was optimized to analyze HEV-specific CMI responses. We used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and sera from experimentally infected chimpanzees and from seroconverted and control human subjects to validate the assay. The HEV-specific IFN-γ ELISPOT responses correlated strongly and significantly with anti-HEV ELISA positive/negative results (rho=0.73, p=0.02). Moreover, fine specificities of HEV-specific T cell responses could be identified using overlapping HEV ORF2 peptides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of hepatitis E-specific cell-mediated immune response using IFN-γ ELISPOT assay

Shata

Barrett

Shire

et al. 2007

Journal of Immunological Methods

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“…Hundreds of thousands of Egyptians were exposed to multiple intravenous injections during treatment campaigns to control schistosomiasis from the 1950s until 1982, which resulted in an epidemic of HCV (15). Schistosomal infection has been reported to suppress the immune response to HCV, which could lead to more persistent infections in those who are co-infected (16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Whether a similar relationship exists with HHV-8 is not known.…”

Section: H Uman Herpesvirus 8 (Hhv-8 Also Called Kaposi Sarcoma [Ks]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection, Rural Egypt1

Mbulaiteye

Pfeiffer

Dolan

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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To determine whether human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with schistosomal and hepatitis C virus infections in Egypt, we surveyed 965 rural household participants who had been tested for HHV-8 and schistosomal infection (seroprevalence 14.2% and 68.6%, respectively, among those <15 years of age, and 24.2% and 72.8%, respectively, among those ≥15 years of age. Among adults, HHV-8 seropositivity was associated with higher age, lower education, dental treatment, tattoos, >10 lifetime injections, and hepatitis C virus seropositivity. In adjusted analyses, HHV-8 seropositivity was associated with dental treatment among men (odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% confi dence interval [CI] 1.1-5.2) and hepatitis C virus seropositivity among women (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4-7.9). HHV-8 association with antischistosomal antibodies was not signifi cant for men (OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.3-16.4), but marginal for women (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.5). Our fi ndings suggest salivary and possible nosocomial HHV-8 transmission in rural Egypt.

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“…50 We analyzed the core HCV-specific CD8 ϩ T-cell responses in 44 donated blood units rejected because they had anti-HCV. Half also had anti-Schistosoma antibodies, which are more likely evidence of past, rather than present, infection in adult Egyptians who donate blood.…”

Section: Immune Responses Associated With Concomitant Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver disease in Egypt: Hepatitis C superseded schistosomiasis as a result of iatrogenic and biological factors

2006

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In Egypt, schistosomiasis was traditionally the most important public health problem and infection with Schistosoma mansoni the major cause of liver disease. From the 1950s until the 1980s, the Egyptian Ministry of Health (MOH) undertook large control campaigns using intravenous tartar emetic, the standard treatment for schistosomiasis, as community-wide therapy. This commendable effort to control a major health problem unfortunately established a very large reservoir of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the country. By the mid-1980s, the effective oral drug, praziquantel, replaced tartar emetic as treatment for schistosomiasis in the entire country. This both reduced schistosomal transmission and disease and interrupted the "occult" HCV epidemic. It was evident when diagnostic serology became available in the 1990s that HCV had replaced schistosomiasis as the predominant cause of chronic liver disease. Epidemiological studies reported a high prevalence and incidence of HCV, particularly within families in rural areas endemic for schistosomiasis. Clinical studies showed 70% to 90% of patients with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma had HCV infections. Co-infections with schistosomiasis caused more severe liver disease than infection with HCV alone. Schistosomiasis was reported to cause an imbalance in HCV-specific T-cell responses leading to increased viral load, a higher probability of HCV chronicity, and more rapid progression of complications in co-infected persons. As complications of HCV usually occur after 20 years of infection, the peak impact of the Egyptian outbreak has not yet occurred. Efforts have been initiated by the Egyptian MOH to prevent new infections and complications of HCV in the estimated 6 million infected persons. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;43:915-922.)

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Schistosoma infection inhibits cellular immune responses to core HCV peptides

Cited by 48 publications

References 56 publications

Characterization of hepatitis E-specific cell-mediated immune response using IFN-γ ELISPOT assay

Characterization of hepatitis E-specific cell-mediated immune response using IFN-γ ELISPOT assay

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection, Rural Egypt1

Liver disease in Egypt: Hepatitis C superseded schistosomiasis as a result of iatrogenic and biological factors

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